الفهرس 
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Abstract
Over the years, cold-formed steel sections have become widely prevalent in the field of structural engineering within the building sector. The utilization of cold-formed steel sections has brought about several noteworthy advantages. One of the primary considerations with cold-formed sections is their thinness. This characteristic allows for the production of lightweight members using thin materials that can adequately support relatively light loads, in contrast to their hot-rolled counterparts. Another key advantage lies in the flexibility of geometrical configurations achievable through the cost-effective cold-forming process, resulting in favorable strength-to-weight ratios. The third advantage pertains to the role of nestable cold-formed parts in streamlining shipping and packaging procedures.
The recognition of these benefits has increased the interest in behavioral research encompassing many possible cold-formed section geometrical combinations. This research aims to enhance the design process, ultimately leading to more cost-effective designs. Specifically, this study centers on cold-formed Sigma sections, which have demonstrated superior performance in comparison to traditional shapes like CEE and ZEE sections when subjected to flexural loading. The primary objective is to comprehend the behavior of cold-formed Sigma sections under torsional load in this study.
To align the numerical simulation with the experimental data reported in the literature, the verification process was conducted utilizing the ABAQUS finite element program. Following successful validation, the numerical model underwent a broad parametric study, incorporating the finite element method and finite strip method. This study involved modeling multiple Sigma beams with diverse geometrical configurations. The outcome of this comprehensive investigation led to the formulation of a design equation capable of predicting the torsional strength of Sigma cold-formed sections.
Keywords:
ABAQUS, Bimoment, Cold-formed steel, CUFSM, Finite element analysis, Sigma sections, Warping.