الفهرس 
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
PCNL is an effective and safe minimally invasive technique used in the treatment of kidney stones. Although PCNL has the advantages of less trauma, high stone removal efficiency, mild postoperative pain, less bleeding and quick recovery. But it is still the most invasive surgical method and systemic inflammatory infection is one of the most common complications after PCNL. It is very likely to progress to SIRS and even urosepsis. Early diagnosis and assessment of SIRS and sepsis are important essential steps for early comprehensive treatment, thus reducing sepsisrelated morbidity and mortality. Few biomarkers are assessed for the diagnosis of sepsis. New biomarkers could promote better monitoring of the patient condition and possibly a more accurate definition of the disease prognosis. Sepsis can affect the function and number of immune cells, including neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes.