الفهرس 
AbstractOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: Urinary bladder carcinoma (BC) is the most common malignancy affecting the urinary tract. In Egypt, BC accounts for 30 % of all malignancies. Urothelial Carcinoma (UC) of the urinary bladder is the most predominant histological pattern of BC; it accounts for more than 90% of the diagnosed cases of BC. Studying the prognostic aspects of UC through spotting the light on Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), one of the major effectors of the Hippo pathway, together with Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) may help to know their role in prognosis of UC. Aim: The current work aimed to study the immunohistochemical expression of YAP1 and TAMs marker in UC. Also, to evaluate the relationship between YAP1 and TAMs marker with the available clinicopathologic parameters in UC and with each other. Material and methods: Eighty-two paraffin blocks of UC included 62 transurethral resection of the tumor (TURBT) specimens and 20 radical cystectomy specimens were collected retrospectively. All were stained with H&E, YAP1, and CD68. YAP1 final score was calculated by “multiplying” the staining intensity score by the percentage of positive cells to obtain a score ranging from (0-12). The CD68+ TAMs mean count was evaluated for each tumor and the median value of 31 for CD68+ TAMs mean count was taken as a cutoff point to categorize UC into two groups. Results: YAP1 expression was significantly related to large tumor size, histopathologic subtypes of UC (conventional UC versus plasmacytoid type), high tumor grade, advanced pT and N stage, and perineural invasion (PNI). CD68+ TAMs mean count was significantly related to large tumor size, the histopathologic types of UC (papillary non-invasive versus invasive), histopathologic subtypes of UC (conventional UC versus UC with squamous differentiation and plasmacytoid type), tumor grade, advanced pT stage, and PNI. Conclusion: high YAP1 expression and CD68+ TAMs high mean count was significantly related with adverse pathological factors namely, large tumor size, high tumor grade, and advanced pT stage. Their expression in UC could be used in identifying patients at increased risk of tumor invasion and progression.