الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Subtle distal fallopian tube abnormalities are a category of pathologies defined as non-obstructive lesions outside the fallopian tube that are known to be contributed to some cases of unexplained infertility. These anomalies include tubal sacculation (most common anomaly detected in this study), Morgagni cysts, fimbria agglutination, fimbria phimosis, tubal diverticula, accessory fallopian tube, and accessory tubal ostium (most rare anomaly detected in this study). Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) might be insufficient in detecting subtle tubal abnormalities, so, a detailed evaluation of both fallopian tubes by laparoscopy is the principal approach used for not only for diagnosis but also for surgical correction of these abnormalities.
It seems to be necessary to take these subtle abnormalities into consideration while evaluating an infertile woman. They are underdiagnosed anomalies as they are non-obstructive pathologies, they are usually ignored during laparoscopy, where only tubal patency is evaluated.
There is considerable evidence that these anomalies have a negative impact on fertility. We can reduce the frequency of ”unexplained infertility,” which may result in needless IVF, by putting this adjustment in place for the management of tubal infertility. Management for unexplained infertility includes expectant management and active treatments, including ovarian stimulation (OS), intrauterine insemination (IUI), ovarian stimulation with intrauterine insemination (OS‐IUI), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
Summary
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Diagnostic laparoscopy is appropriate for young age women with short-term infertility who have risk factors for any possible aberrant abnormalities that would alter the reproductive outcome. While in old age women, it is better to skip laparoscopy and proceed directly to intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).