الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
“Lumbar spinal pain of unknown origin either persisting despite the surgical intervention or appearing after surgical intervention for spinal pain originally in the same topographical location “ is the definition of FBSS by the IASP. Pain may develop following surgery, or the procedure may worsen pre-existing pain or only partially cure it. As a result, FBSS is a condition with a wide range of etiologies and notable patient variability.(12)
Medical therapy, physical therapy, and other conservative treatments including nerve blocks are among the conventional treatments for FBSS.(19) Thus, when possible, non-invasive methods have been preferred for the management of FBSS.(20)
Caudal epidural steroid injection (CESI) is a common procedure used to alleviate radicular symptoms and lower back discomfort (24) . Regenerative therapies are gaining popularity. Numerous randomized controlled studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of prolotherapy, one of the most popular injections that has recently been introduced.(30) It has been discovered that 5% glucose injected subcutaneously can effectively treat neurogenic pain and lessen hyperalgesia and allodynia. It has been reported that prolotherapy reduces pain, especially CLBP. The precise mechanism is still unknown, though.(30)
Prolotherapy has been shown to reduce pain, including CLBP, and a 5% glucose subcutaneous injection helps treat neurogenic pain and reduce allodynia and hyperalgesia. Its exact method of action is yet unknown, however, it has been suggested that it directly affects neurogenic pain and encourages nerve repair with no known negative side effects. (31)