الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Bacterial infections have a poor prognosis in people with liver cirrhosis. Multi drug- resistant bacteria infections in cirrhotic patients are currently increasing and are associated with greater morbidity and mortality. The main aim of this study was to look at bacterial infections in hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis and the incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in Egypt before and after treatment with probiotics, peppermint oil and clove oil. That would lead to decrease complications and bacterial infections probably occurred after a patient undergoes liver transplantation surgery in Egypt.
To detect probable bacterial infections, all patients underwent clinical, laboratory, and microbiological testing. Out of twenty patients recruited in total, MDR bacteria were isolated from five patients and identified using VITEK 2. Then the viable count of all MDR bacteria were counted on chrom agar media before and after treatment with Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotics, peppermint oil and clove oil. The results indicated that both the total viable bacterial counts reduced significantly after treatment with probiotics. Also, resistance of MDR bacteria to different antibiotics was significantly reduced after treatment of tested patients with probiotics as detected by antibiotics sensitivity profile.
After that the most bacterial isolates that showed, significant antibiotic resistance were identified using 16S rRNA. The results indicated that the two bacterial strains were E. coli CCFM 8342 and K. pneumonia YZH 22127. The recorded results showed that minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of combination of clove essential oil and probiotic was significantly reduce the total colony forming unit (CFU) count of multi drug resistant pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients with chronic hepatic disease. The GC/ MS analysis of clove and peppermint oil revealed the presence of active constituents such as; Cyclohexanol, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-, α- pinene, β- pinene and Caryophyllene for clove oil.
Our findings underscore the significance of geographical differences in MDR bacteria and the importance of using clove, peppermint oils and probiotics treatment for patients that undergo liver transplantation.