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Abstract An optical communication system consists of many optical devices such as a transmitter, coupler, receiver, optical fiber, sensors, multiplexer, and demultiplexer. In this thesis, numerical simulations for different photonic applications in communication are studied and analyzed through the finite element method to investigate the performance and efficiency of different photonic sensor platforms as a part of optical communication systems. Firstly, a highly sensitive terahertz bilirubin sensor based on a photonic crystal fiber platform is studied and analyzed. The confinement of the optical mode through the core region has been studied to obtain a better performance. In addition, the performance parameters such as effective mode area, birefringence, power fraction, and relative sensitivity have been studied as a function of operating frequency and bilirubin concentrations. Further, the loss parameters such as confinement loss, and effective material loss have been studied to enhance the sensor efficiency. Moreover, the parametric sweep optimization has been performed to maximize the sensor sensitivity. The tolerance approach has been studied to take into consideration the fabrication faults. The optimized sensitivity, effective mode area, confinement loss, and effective material loss are 98%, 0.046 mm2 , 2.03×10-14 dB/cm, and 0.00193 cm-1 , respectively. The second studied platform is the metamaterial structure in which a highly sensitive triple-band metamaterial-based biosensor for different cancer cell detection is suggested and numerically analyzed. The reported sensor has a polyimide dielectric layer which is sandwiched between gold bottom plane and top metallic patches. The analyte sample covers the metallic patch where multiple resonances occur with high absorption. The resonance frequencies depend on the optical properties of the analyte sample. Therefore, the proposed sensor can distinguish between different cancer cell types such as skin cancer, blood cancer, and breast cancer. The Full vectorial finite element method is used to study the effects of the geometrical parameters with the aim of maximizing the sensor sensitivity. The suggested sensor has a high sensitivity of 2050 GHz/RIU with a high-quality factor of 55.34 in the frequency range from 4.25 THz to 4.75 THz. Further, the proposed biosensor is a label-free, and easy to fabricate using state-of-the-art fabrication technologies. |