الفهرس 
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Abstract
This in vitro study was conducted to compare the cleaning ability of (Race) rotary system versus fanta AF blue S1 and fanta F1 blue rotary systems, regarding smear layer and debris amount present after mechanical preparation of the root canals.
Thirty mandibular molars were selected and divided randomly and equally into two groups, group I (Race) ,group II (Fanta AF blue S1) and group III ( Fanta F1 Blue). Access cavity was carried out to all teeth and k-file size 10 was used to check the patency of the root canals.
group I was mechanically prepared by Race file system were used in a crown-down manner according to the manufacturer’s instructions using a gentle in and out motion. Instruments were withdrawn when resistance was felt and changed for the next instrument. File sequence used were as follows: Pre-RaCe 40/0.1and Pre-RaCe 35/0.8 were used for preparing the coronal and middle portion of the canal; the enlargement of the rest of the canal prepared by instruments of size 25/0.02, 25/0.04, 25/0.06 to the working length. Canals were thoroughly irrigated using 2 ml of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite using a needle of 22 gauge.
group II was instrumented by Fanta F1 blue file system according to manufacturer’s instructions. Fanta F1 blue Orifice opener file 17\0.12 was used to open the root canal orifice of the mesiobuccal canal using gentle in and out motion for 5 mm from the working length in crown-down manner. Then file size 0.25 and taper 0.04% was used in pecking motion reaching full working length and finally file size 0.25 and taper 0.06 was used , canals were thoroughly irrigated using 2 ml of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite using a needle of 22 gauge.
group III was instrumented by Fanta AF Blue S1system according to manufacturer’s instructions. Fanta AF blue S1 Orifice opener file 17\0.12 was used to open the root canal orifice of the mesiobuccal canal, using gentle in and out motion for 5 mm from the working length in crown-down manner. Then file size 0.20 and taper 4% was used in pecking motion reaching full working length followed by file size 0.25 and taper 6%, canals were thoroughly irrigated using 2 ml of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite using a needle of 22 gauge.
Scanning electron Microscope was used to examine the root canals of the samples after being longitudinally sectioned into two halves to evaluate smear layer and debris present according to the scoring system.
For smear layer as well as debris; Race file system showed better results for all sections than did the Fanta F1 blue and Fanta AF Blue S1 file systems.
Fanta F1 blue showed highest values of remaining debris. However, Fanta AF blue S1 rotary file system showed to had the highest smear layer formation.
For Race file system:
Race files show higher smear layer scores in apical thirds in followed by middle and coronal thirds .in addition race files showed higher debris scores in the coronal third followed by middle and apical third.
For Fanta AF Blue S1 system:
Fanta AF blue S1 file system had higher smear layer on the middle third followed by apical and coronal thirds. in addition, the file showed higher debris score in the apical third followed by the coronal and middle third.
For Fanta F1 Blue file system:
Fanta F1 Blue file system had the highest smear layer formation on the apical l followed by middle and coronal thirds. in addition: the file showed higher debris score in middle third followed by the apical third and then the coronal third.
The current study was limited by the small sample size, within the limitations of the current study; it was found that using of multiple endodontic rotary file system confirmed better cleaning ability regarding smear layer disruption and debris removal.