الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer type in women and the first cause of cancer deaths in females worldwide. In Egypt, breast cancer is also the most common cancer in females accounting for 34.9% of all new cancer cases and 22% of all cancer-related fatalities in 2022.
Around 15-20% of breast cancer patients are diagnosed with HER2-positive breast cancer which exhibits overexpression of HER2 protein and/or HER2 gene amplification. This type of breast cancer usually follows a more aggressive course with poorer prognosis. Anti-HER2 targeted therapy such as trastuzumab improved patient survival. Nevertheless, the response was found to be variable among treated HER2-positive breast cancer patients with the presence of resistant patients to therapy. Therefore, the prediction of response to HER2 targeted therapy could avoid undesirable side effects and help choosing more effective treatment alternatives for patients. The resistance of some HER2-positive breast cancer patients to anti-HER2 therapy can be attributed to genetic mutations that affect HER2 downstream signalling pathways.