الفهرس 
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Abstract
The rapid increase of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) usage in Distribution
Networks (DNs) without knowing the accepted maximum penetration limits at
each load/feeder may negatively impact DNs operations. An excessive RES
generation, especially PhotoVoltaic (PV), may lead to a Voltage Rise (VR) and
might cause Reverse Power Flow (RPF).
This thesis proposes procedure to estimate PV maximum penetration levels by
monitoring DNs’ VR and RPF. and over-voltage tests on IEEE-13 bus test feeders
in DIgSILENT. also introduces and elaborates on some methods to solve the RPF
from the Distribution Network Operator’s (DNO) and PV customers’ sides to
mitigate voltage rise and reverse power flow.
While PV inverters are used in PV systems to convert the DC Power into an AC
Power, the reactive power injection function of PV inverters is a wonderful way
to enhance the voltage profile of the utility grid in addition to the amount of active
power generated for the load. Instead of using a capacitor bank at each load to
modify the voltage profile, PV can be used to do both functions of supplying the
load and enhancing the voltage profile, in addition to reducing thermal losses.
In the existing body of research, two distinct methodologies are prevalent: PVinverter side techniques and DNO side approaches.