الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study investigated the ability of sacrificial piles to remediate the condition of existing bridges that have complex pier supports. It was performed using an experimental model. The study was inspired by the climate change effects and how it can increase the flow of water ways all over the world. Such an increase in the flow needs a consequent increase in the ability of piers to resist local scour in order to protect bridges and save lives and property.
That was performed by using four different flow depths: 17, 20, 25, and 27 cm with a constant flow rate of 60 liters per second to have four different velocity ratios; normal to critical velocity (V:Vc) ranging between 0.5 and 1, which are 0.56, 0.64, 0.78, and 0.99; to cover a wide range of hydraulic situations that the bridge might face.
Applying different scenarios of sacrificial piles (different arrangements, distances from the complex pier, and sacrificial pile diameters) led to reach the conclusions presented in the upcoming section