الفهرس 
AcknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a respiratory disease in which scars are formed in the lung tissues, leading to serious breathing problems. This study aimed to shed light on costus (Saussurea costus) and melissa (Melissa officinalis) ethanolic extracts and their effect on lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin in male rats. Sixty adults male Wistar albino rats (180±10g) were randomly divided into six groups (10 rats each) as follows: group (1): normal healthy rats as control group, group (2) : rats those were subjected to oral administration of costus ethanolic extract (CEE) at a dose (50 mg/kg/day), group (3): rats those were subjected to oral administration of melissa ethanolic extract (MEE) at a dose (450 mg/kg/day), group (4) : rats those were subjected to intraperitoneal (IP) injection of (15 mg/kg twice weekly) of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, group (5) : bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis rats those were treated with oral of (50 mg/kg/day) CEE and group (6) : bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis rats those were treated with oral of (450 mg/kg/day) MEE, the experiment lasted for six weeks for all groups. The results showed that moisture, ash, protein, crude fat, crude fiber, total carbohydrates and caloric value in both costus and melissa were (14.18%; 9.32%), (4.77%; 9.19%), (8.84%; 14.03%), (12.84%; 6.62%), (7.31%; 9.62%), (66.24%; 60.54%) and (415.88; 357.86) K. ca/100g; respectively. Also minerals content in both costus and melissa recorded in Na (36.01;88.55 mg/100g), Ca (822.47; 2295.37 mg/100g), Fe (197.50; 142.13 mg/100g) and Zn (6.05; 5.15 mg/100g); respectively. Using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) device, it was found that both costus and melissa extracts contain 16 phenolic compounds. As the results revealed that CEE and MEE succeeded to decline the lung fibrosis-induced by bleomycin; there were evidenced by the significant reduction of PLT, lymphocytes, lung functions, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, oxidative stress, , cytokines lung pro-inflammatory and lung fibrotic assay coupled with marked improvement in body weight gain, Hb, RBCs, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBCs (Monocytes, Granulocytes), serum albumin, total protein, globulin and A/G ratio, HDL, antioxidant, CD4+ and histopathological characteristics. So this study recommended the use of costus and melissa in diets for their many benefits