الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Oxidative stress is a phenomenon caused by an imbalance between production and accumulation of oxygen reactive species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the ability of a biological system to detoxify these reactive products. Superoxide (O2 -), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 -), and hydroxyl radicals (OH-) are commonly known as free radicals produced during the oxidation of metabolites within the living cells. They are usually kept as normal, steady state levels to participate in some cellular defensive mechanisms. However, their abnormal increase leads to several diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, metabolic disorder, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, they cause harmful effect on important cellular structures like proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. In this case, cells deploy an anti-oxidant defensive system based mainly on enzymatic components, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) to protect themselves from ROS induced cellular damage. Furthermore, ROS-induced cellular damage is linked in many cases with the triggering of pro-inflammatory markers axes, including the up-regulation of the transcription factor NF- κB (nuclear factor kappa-B). This leads to increased production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis Factor (TNF-α), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). This leads to inflammatory processes characterizing normal inflammation process, besides several abnormal, inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of many marine extracts have been reported, as a way to provide protection to different cells and tissues against the damage induced due to free radicals, pathogens, and different pathological cases. Isolated compounds from marine invertebrates are being increasingly known to possess various pharmacological activities with which many useful drugs have been developed. For example, Crabs exposed to high levels of reactive oxygen species in the oceans have been reported to produce English summary 104 antioxidants as a major defense against free radical mediated toxicity; protecting their tissues from the damage associated with the oxidative stress. So, we aimed to find out the bioactive compounds, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory capabilities of the charybdis natator crab |