الفهرس 
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Abstract
This case-control study investigated a specific gene variation (LPCAT1-rs9728) in newborns with NRDS. We aimed to see if this gene is associated with the levels of surfactant protein-D (important for lung function and surfactant production), cardiac troponin I (increased in NRDS cases), inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-10), macrophage migration inhibitory factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Additionally, the study compared levels of heavy metals in mothers (urinary cadmium and arsenic) and newborns (cord blood lead, erythrocytic cadmium, and scalp hair arsenic) between the NRDS group and healthy newborns. Finally, it investigated whether these heavy metal levels were associated with the severity of NRDS, as indicated by the levels of the above-mentioned markers.