الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract The water problem is a critical national security issue, and one of the main contributors to water consumption and pollution is the use of dyes in various industries. Industrial dyes can pollute water bodies, affecting aquatic ecosystems and human health. Therefore, developing effective methods for removing dyes from wastewater is essential to mitigate their impact on water resources. This thesis aimed to synthesize and evaluate the performance of PVC/NC, PVC/NC@xTiO2, and PVC/NC@xTiAl2O4 nanocomposite membranes for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dyes from industrial wastewater. The nanocomposite membranes were prepared by incorporating TiO2 and TiAl2O4 nanoparticles into PVC/NC membranes using a casting technique. Various techniques were used to characterize the nanocomposite membranes, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). These techniques allowed for the assessment of the membrane structure, composition, and surface properties. Batch adsorption studies were conducted to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the prepared membranes for MB dyes. Factors such as pH, dosage, and ion concentrations were considered to determine the optimal conditions for dye removal. The results indicated that the prepared membranes were capable of efficiently removing MB dye, especially at high concentrations and alkaline pH levels. The adsorption mechanism of MB dye onto the prepared membranes was found to be chemisorption, involving the formation of coordinated bonds and ion exchange at high pH levels. The membranes’ surface characteristics, including high roughness and the presence of various active sites, contributed to their capacity for absorbing MB dye. The study also analyzed industrial waste water samples from Gharbia and Beni Suef regions in comparison to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water quality. The results revealed that the water samples from both regions had higher levels of various contaminants, such as total dissolved solids (TDS), total organic carbon (TOC), total coliforms (TC), hardness, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), chloride (Cl), sulphate, phenolic compounds, pH, and conductivity, compared to the WHO guidelines. The properties and reusability of the nanocomposite membranes were also investigated using industrial waste water. The contact angle and self-cleaning behavior of the membrane surface were examined, indicating that the nanocomposite membranes Abstract exhibited a hydrophilic surface and potential self-cleaning properties. The presence of TiAl2O4 nanoparticles and nano cellulose fibers likely contributed to these characteristics. Furthermore, the membranes were found to maintain their effectiveness in rejecting dyes, even after multiple regeneration cycles, making them suitable for long-term use without significant loss of performance. The study analyzed the diffusion flux, enhanced factor, and permeability of three types of nanocomposite membranes: PVC/NC, 5% PVC/NC@xTiO2, and 5% PVC/NC@xTiAl2O4 in the presence of total organic carbon (TOC). The results showed that the diffusion rate and permeability varied among the membranes, with particle size being a key factor. Permeability increased over time, with higher temperatures accelerating the rate of increase. The nanocomposite membranes containing TiAl2O4 exhibited the highest enhanced factor and efficiency |