الفهرس 
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Abstract
Good perinatal outcomes are thought to be facilitated by a healthy and normal placenta, which also helps in fetal development. Inadequate placental function affects fetal weight and development. Changes in placental measurement thus serve as a sign of aberrant fetal growth.
About the fifth week of pregnancy, the placenta begins to grow from the chorionic villi at the implantation site. By the Around the ninth or tenth week, the scattered echotexture of the placenta is plainly seen on sonography.
A healthy The placenta is necessary for the appropriate growth and development of the fetus. During the fetal development stage, the placenta grows in size to enable it to perform its essential activities.
The aberrant placental measurement may be used to identify improper placental functioning, which is the cause of restricted fetal growth. The placenta is around 3 cm in thickness and 15–25 cm in diameter, according to Sadler’s terminology.
Low birth weight neonates are predicted by a warning limit of 18 cm for placental diameter and less than 2 cm for placental thickness at 36 weeks. Preeclampsia, chromosomal abnormalities, intrauterine growth limitation, and recurrent intrauterine fetal infections are linked to small placentas.
The main causes of large placentas (thickness greater than 4 cm) at term include hydrops fetalis, perinatal infections, and diabetes mellitus. Fetal growth restriction (IUGR) and intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) are two perinatal problems that have been associated with unusually low placental weight.
Low birth weight babies are more vulnerable to fetal mortality, long-term disability, and hypoxia. Thus, early identification of growth retardation occurring intrauterine (IUGR) will be advantageous for the treatment of expectant mothers and newborns.
Research has indicated that fetal growth retardation does not occur before reduced placental size because IUGR is linked to poor villous development and fetoplacental angiogenesis. The purpose of the current study was to compare the placental development on ultrasonography to the fetal weight in pregnancies that were normal and IUGR.
The current study’s objective was to determine if there is a substantial difference in between IUGR and normal pregnancies by comparing the link between placental thickness and fetal weight, as assessed at the site of insertion of the umbilical cord.
This prospective research was carried out at El Shatby Hospital on 300 pregnant women to determine placental thickness close to term.
This prospective research was carried out at El Shatby Hospital on 300 pregnant women to determine placental thickness close to term.
When comparing the IUGR and normal groups, the IUGR group’s mother age was considerably greater than the normal group’s, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of gestational age, maternal BMI, or maternal history.
According to the Doppler results, IUGR less than normal patients had significantly lower placental thickness, AC, EFT, placental weight, and placental thickness.