الفهرس 
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Abstract
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 238 patients, and 307 procedures were performed (247 therapeutic purposes, 60 diagnostic purposes). That included patients with both thrombotic and non-thrombotic iliocaval disease. The mean age of the study group was 50.9, with females presenting at 63.9%. The patients had variable comorbidities, namely hypertension (37.4%), diabetes mellitus (13.9%), and coronary artery disease (13.9%). Thrombophilia was detected in 23.1% of patients. The patient’s history was also checked, and 34.9% were on previous anticoagulants. The previous history of DVT was found in 41.2% of patients on the left side (62.25%).
As for the clinical presentation of the patients, MTS was the most prevalent disease found in 54.2% of patients. Left lower extremity was most affected (63.9%). Leg pain was the most presenting symptom (92%). Among the DVT cases, PE was detected in 12.8% of patients.
Venous Duplex was the imaging modality most commonly used in 82.8% of patients. Iliofemoral DVT was found in 17.8%. Pathological reflux was encountered in 31.5% of patients, more commonly in the superficial system (74.2%). Contrast imaging was used in 64.7% of patients. Left CIV stenosis was more common (67.5%).
As for the procedural details, local anesthesia was the most used modality (75.6%). CFV was the most used access site (61.3%). In thrombotic cases, CDT was employed in 30 patients and pharmacomechanical lysis in 24 patients. The lysis duration was 48 hours in 20 cases. IVC thrombus extension was reported in 15 cases. Initial diagnostic venography showed suspected left CIV stenosis in 32% of patients. Stenting was done in 62.6% of cases, with Wallstent commonly used. Technical success was achieved in 184 patients (74%). Patients were assessed post-operatively for possible complications. Thrombosis was encountered in 13 patients. Anticoagulants were prescribed in 51.7% of cases. Double antiplatelet was used in 25.2% of cases. Postoperative venous patency was confirmed by duplex in 85.4% of patients.