الفهرس 
Aim of the studyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Pneumonia is a lung inflammation caused by bacterial, viral, fungal or
parasitic infection, in which the air sacs fill with pus and may become
solid. Inflammation may affect both lungs and only one lung.
Liver cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver does not functions
properly due to long-term damage. This damage is characterized by the
replacement of normal liver tissue by regenerative tissue. Cirrhosis is most
commonly caused by hepatitis C, hepatitis B, non- alcoholic fatty liver
disease and alcohol.
Cirrhosis is one of the most common causes of mortality worldwide
especially in developing countries, with 1-year mortality ranging from 1 to
57% depending on the stage. Patients with cirrhosis require frequent
medical support, which results in heavy healthcare burden. Cirrhosis not
only is a chronic and progressive liver damage, but also involves in a
multifactorial immune dysfunction.
Infectious diseases are common in patients with advanced cirrhosis
and exert one of the most important reasons for mortality. Infectious
complications increase mortality 4-fold in cirrhotic patients, 30% of
patients died within 30-day and another 30% died within 1 year after
infection.
Pneumonia is a common infectious disease in patients with cirrhosis.
Cirrhosis and pneumonia impact each other in pathophysiology. On one
hand, cirrhotic patients have impairment in both early and later neutrophilmediated pulmonary killing of the organisms, making infection
uncontrollable on the other hand, excessive inflammatory factors triggered
by pneumonia often lead to rapidly deteriorating liver functions and
directly damp the anti-bacterial immunity, and further cause multi-organ damage. So, we aim to investigate predictors and outcome of pneumonia in
patients with liver cirrhosis.
To elucidate our aim, this study was carried out on 120 patients of
cirrhotic patients complicated by pneumonia in tropical, chest, ICU
departments in Menoufia University hospitals. in a period, time from April
2021 to September 2022.