الفهرس 
Smoking and Sexual functionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Smoking is a practice in which a substance is burned and the
resulting smoke breathed in to be tasted and absorbed into the blood
stream. Smoking can be done by cigarette smoking, hookah smoking,
cigar and pipe smoking, chewing tobacco, electronic cigarettes,
nicotine patches, low-tar cigarettes, snuffing, heated tobacco products,
nicotine inhaler and nicotine nasal spray.
The SI is a unit for measuring cigarettes consumption over a long
period and calculated using the following formula: SI= CPD. Smoking
has been shown to have a harmful effect on various parameters of
semen analysis.
One of the major active components of smoke that influence
semen parameters is the heavy metal Pb. It has been well established
that excess Pb exposure produces adverse health effects on human
beings. Pb has adverse effects on reproductive system, OS, endocrine
system, sperm chromatin integrity and DNA stability,
spermatogenesis and semen parameters.
Lead is proven to be possible causative agent for the low sperm
count among smokers. It has also revealed that Pb can inhibit the
chromatin condensation process, which is important for sperm
maturation. This is a significant limiting factor in fertility potential.
The aim of this work was to study the effect of cigarette smoking
on serum and seminal plasma Pb levels and to evaluate its effects on
seminogram.
This study was conducted on 80 married individuals, their ages
ranges from 30 to 50 years old. These individuals were classified into
two groups (1 and 2). group 1 included 60 smokers (smoke for more
than one year) and divided into three subgroups: 20 mild smokers with
number of CPD (1-10), 20 moderate smokers with number of CPD
(11-20), 20 severe smokers with number of CPD (more than 20).
group 2 included 20 healthy males who didn‘t smoke as the control
group.
All individuals were subjected to complete history taking, full
general and local examination for signs of androgenization, secondary
sex characters, body built as well the testes (for size and consistency),
penis, cords and scrotum.
Blood and semen sampling were taken and semen analysis done.
Measurements of Pb in both serum and semen were carried out using
Atomic Absorbance Spectrophotometer.
Statistical analysis of the results showed that:
1- Age, period of marriage, number of children showed non
significant differences between both groups.
2- There was a significant difference between smokers and non
smokers regarding their frequency of intercourse per week it was
higher in non smoker than smoker groups.
3- There were non significant differences between smokers and non
smokers regarding volume of semen, liquefaction time and number
of pus cells. Sperms count and motility were significantly higher
in non smokers than smokers groups. Smoker group showed
significantly lower sperm viability and higher percent of
abnormally formed sperms compared to non smokers group.