الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALEOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine disorder characterized by absolute insulin deficiency due to beta cell destruction, leading to hyperglycemia. chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes can lead to multi-organ damage, resulting in renal, neurologic, cardiovascular, and other serious complications. (1) Type 1 DM commonly presents in children and adolescents, but may occur at any age (2, 3)
Type 1A DM results from autoimmune destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas and involves both genetic predisposition and an environmental component (4).In the majority of cases of type 1 diabetes, patients have abrupt onset of symptoms, absence of a family history, classical symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss.