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Abstract The extent of scientific exploration of Neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) has been so extensive that, it has gained the distinction of being the most researched tree in the world. The Neem tree has been known as the wonder tree for centuries in the Indian subcontinent. It has become important in the global context today because it offers answers to the major concerns facing mankind. The history of the Neem tree is inextricably linked to the history of the Indian way of life, but the tree was then cultivated as an exotic species in various countries including Egypt Bailey, 1953 and Engler, 1964). According to NRC (1992) Neem tree has a reputation for surviving in harsh, dry, infertile soils and can certainly survive in a range of soil types, including deep permeable sandy soils, rocky and very dry sites. Stoney (1997) reported that Neem is adapted to subarid and sub-humid areas with tropical and subtropical Review of Literatures 6 climates at altitudes between sea level and 700 m with annual temperature ranges between 21-32˚C. Neem is generally propagated by seeds; however, the seeds have a short storage life and loose viability rabidly which is a major problem for tree planting programmes (Gamene et al., 1994). According to Lemmens et al., (1995) the natural habitat of Neem tree is the seasonally dry deciduous mixed forest, which is associated with Acacia sp. and Dalbergia sissoo. Similarly, CABI (2000) noted that, in India and Pakistan, Neem occurs naturally in dry deciduous and thorn forests. Karumanchi and Kishore (2001) studied the relationship between seasonal cambial activity, development of xylem and phenology in Neem tree growing in different forests. Their study indicated that the trees developed different adaptive strategies in response to the local climatic conditions. Echereme et al., (2015) carried out an annual cycle of phenological studies of Neem to record and document Review of Literatures 7 the phenological activities of the tree. Their annual cycle observation and documentation of phenological activities in Neem tree reveals two sub-annual cycles in both vegetative and reproductive activities, and both take place in the wet and dry season. They also observed that there is no time |