الفهرس 
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Abstract
One of the major pathophysiological mechanisms underlying diabetic ED is endothelial dysfunction. Avanafil is a highly selective and effective 2nd-generation PDE5 inhibitor. In 2012, the FDA approved Avanafil for treating ED followed by the approval of the EMA in 2013.
The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of daily use of avanafil on the prevention of ECs dysfunction and associated diabetic SD in STZ-induced diabetic male rats.
This is a prospective, parallel-group comparative experimental study that was performed at the Dermatology, Venereology, and Andrology Department, the Physiology Department, and the Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University.
The study was conducted on 30 adult male Wistar albino rats, weighting about 170-220 g that were obtained from the animal house of Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University. The animals were randomly divided into three groups of (10) rats in each group and were be managed as follows; first group: non diabetic control group received 2 ml distilled drinking water, the remaining 20 rats were subjected to the induction of diabetes using a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ, and the diabetic rats further divided into the second group: diabetic control group received 2ml distilled drinking water, and the third group: diabetic group received daily avanafil at dose 20 mg/day for four weeks.
There was significantly lower mean aortic, dorsal artery, and dorsal vein lumen diameters in group II compared to the control group and group III, while the mean diameter was comparable in group I and group III. On the other hand, there was significantly higher mean vessels thickness in group II compared to the control group and group III, while no significant difference was found between group I and group III.
Significantly higher aortic dorsal vein and artery NLRP3, HMGB1, and caspase-1 were found in group II than in the control group and group III. Also, a significant difference was found between group I and group III. Significantly higher glucose levels were noted in the two diabetic groups than in the control group.