الفهرس 
Aim of WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Congenital ptosis is typically caused by a localised dystrophy of the levator muscle, in which the striated muscle fibres are replaced with fibrous and fatty tissue. The disorder may be unilateral or bilateral and can be familial (autosomal dominant (AD) trait). Although ptosis in children is frequently an isolated feature, it can sometimes occur along with other ocular or systemic disorders.70,71
It’s important to do full ocular and systemic examination during evaluation a child with ptosis. Children with ptosis may develop amblyopia. Deprivation-related amblyopia or induced astigmatism (anisometropia) may be the cause. In most cases, treating amblyopia should come before correcting ptosis. The elimination of an abnormal head posture (chin elevation), enhancement of the visual field, prevention of amblyopia, and restoration of normal eyelid appearance are all goals of treating ptosis in children.72
The most prevalent form of congenital ptosis is true simple congenital ptosis (SCP), and It is still unclear if the pathological term for the levator palpebral superioris (LPS) in true SCP is dystrophy or dysgenesis.
Clinically, simple congenital ptosis is a stationary noninheritable condition, hence it falls under the dysgenesis group. Histopathological studies also support the theory of dysgenesis.62
The aim of the present work is to evaluate the histopathological changes in specimens of levator palpaberae superioris muscle of patients with different degrees of congenital Ptosis.
Excluding all cases with traumatic, acquired, and congenital ptosis associated with other ocular or systemic diseases.
Summary
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All patients provided a complete ophthalmological assessment and an accurate history was taken. The study included of 30 cases with mean age of the study was 12 years, that were diagnosed as congenital ptosis with different degrees and collected from Menoufia University Hospital. Histopathological evaluation for all cases showed a positive correlation between severity of ptosis and fatty infiltration as well as fibrosis. It has been noted that presence of muscle fibers correlates with the degree of ptosis inversely.