الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the addition of silver nanoparticles on the sealing ability and antibacterial effect of two different root canal sealers (Bioceramic sealer and Epoxy resin sealer).
For the evaluation of the sealing ability, electron scanning microscope was applied, and forty mandibular premolars with single root canals were instrumented to apical size #50. At the stage of obturation, they were divided into two main groups each group was further subdivided into two subgroups according to the presence or absence of silver nanoparticles. All roots were obturated using cold lateral technique
The assessment of sealing ability was used by monitoring the marginal gaps at sealer & root dentin interface under SEM.
For the evaluation of the antibacterial effect, the direct contact test was done by placing 50mg of freshly mixed sealer in sterile flat-bottom, screw capped test tubes.. Samples were divided into four equal groups (n=10) according to type of sealer used
group (I): Positive control (E.faecalis only)
group (II): Sureseal
group (III): Sureseal& Nanosilver (AgNPs).
group (IV): AH Plus.
group (V): AH Plus & Nanosilver (AgNPs).
Afterward, 50 uL of 0.5 ml McFarland standard suspension (1.5 x 106 CFU/ ml)of E.faecalis ATCC 35550 was applied over each sealer. to confirm direct contact between bacteria and sealer. To confirm direct contact between bacteria and sealers, tubes were incubated at 370C. Tubes were then sub divided into subgroups according to tested time interval for 1, 24, 168h.