الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 127 |  |  |
| | | from | 127 | | |
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in the world among men, and the fifth most common cause of cancer death among men. Approximately 15% of male cancers are PCa in the developed countries compared to 4% in the developing countries.
According to the Egyptian National Cancer Institute (NCI), prostate cancer, affects 2.5% of the male population yearly, all of them are above the age of 50 years. Men who have a first-degree relative with a history of PCa are 2 to 3 times more likely to develop PCa. In 10 to 15% of cases, the cancer is aggressive and advances beyond the prostate, sometimes turning lethal and is characterized by recurrence and early metastasis through the bloodstream and lymphatic system. Moreover, distant disease is associated with a low 5- year survival rate.
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type II membrane glycoprotein (100–120 kDa) was identified in the human PCa cell line LNCaP. PSMA is expressed in secretory cells within the prostatic epithelium, and is absent or moderately expressed in most benign hyperplastic tissue.
Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is a cell-surface antigen that belongs to the Ly-6/Ty-1 family of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins.
In particular, prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) has come under scrutiny as a potential CTC marker. The antigen is found at low expression levels in the normal state but increases when the prostate’s condition becomes malignant and during progression from an early to an advanced PCa state (Zhigang and Wenlv, 2004).
This study was conducted to assess the diagnostic efficacy of PSMA and PSCA mRNAs in newly diagnosed untreated patients with prostate cancer
This study included 125 patients:
group I: Twenty-five normal healthy volunteering males were included as a normal control group.
group II: Twenty-five patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were included as a benign control group.
group III: Seventy-five patients with pathologically and radiologically proven prostate adenocarcinoma.
All participants were subjected to:
● Measurement of serum PSA using the full-automated chemiluminescence analyzer
● Detection of PSMA and PSCA mRNA using Syber green using real-time PCR
The results of the study were summarized as follows:
1- PSMA was significantly higher among patients with prostate cancer than benign hyperplasia patients and control group (p<0.001).
2- PSCA was significantly higher among patients with prostate carcinoma when compared to benign hyperplasia patients and control group (p<0.001).
3- Total and free PSA were significantly higher among PC patients when compared to benign hyperplasia patients and control group (p<0.001)
4- The ROC curves showed that PSMA had diagnostic value for prostate cancer with sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 80%, while PSCA had sensitivity and specificity of 85% and 82%. However, PSA in this study was found to have a superior diagnostic impact to detect PCa over PSMA and PSCA although the combinational analysis enhanced the efficacy of the former.