الفهرس 
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a dynamic tissue with a remarkable ability to regenerate rapidly after injury. The primary precursors driving this regenerative process are satellite cells, which are a population of mononuclear, self-renewing, tissue-resident stem cells that represent about 2% to 5% of the mononuclear cells of skeletal muscle. During endogenous homeostasis, satellite cells are classically defined by their unique location between the sarcolemma and basal lamina of multinucleated myofibrils and their expression of the PAX7-associated protein.
CXCR4 is present in most cells of the cell population satellite, and that in >94% of green Pax7-positive cells, which express a fluorescent reporter that indicates PAX7 expression that can be used to isolate satellite cells, CXCR4 has also been documented on some satellite cell-derived cell lines. Apart from skeletal muscle, the CXCR4 chemokine receptor is found on many types of blood cells and in the central nervous system.
The CXCR4 receptor, when activated by the CXCL12 complex, also known as stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), plays a critical role in cell migration during inflammation and organogenesis. It can mediate the migration of lysed leukocytes and hematopoietic progenitors. Furthermore, CXCR4/SDF1 signaling is important for primordial germ cell migration, a function that is conserved in fish, birds, and mammals. CXCR4 or SDF1 mutations have been shown to affect the migration of cerebellar granule cells, hippocampus, and cortical neuronal progenitors. In addition to regulating various migration processes, CXCR4/SDF1 also controls the growth and survival of different types of cells.
During embryogenesis, the SDF1/CXCR4 axis plays a key role in skeletal muscle development, particularly in relation to the migration of myogenic