الفهرس 
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Abstract
Avian Salmonella infection is a public health risk because it causes clinical disorders in poultry, which then become food-borne diseases in people. Salmonellae are the second most common cause of food poisoning after Campylobacter, causing illness and mortality in humans and animals worldwide. Salmonella isolates were (6.1%), There were 5 serotypies found in these samples (S. Enteritidis, S. Kentucky, S. Lambrhurst, S. Newport and atypical Salmonella). The phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility were investigated. The two antibiotics with the highest antimicrobial resistance were ampicillin and ceftazidime (100% each), which are followed by amoxicillin, clindamycin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic (96.9% each). Antimicrobial resistance was shown to be lower in ciprofloxacin (24.2%) and azithromycin (15.2%), all isolates were MDR. Using the DDST technique, around 57.6(19/33) percent of isolates were verified as ESBL producers and all Salmonella isolates were examined for the presence of different beta-lactamase resistance genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, blaOXA2, blaOXA10, and blaVEB); however, none of the isolates had any evidence of blaOXA, blaOXA2, or blaVEB. All 33 of the isolated Salmonella strains have the blaTEM gene (33/33; 100%), followed by blaOXA10 (29/33; 87.9%) and blaSHV (11/33; 33.3%). The int1 gene was found in 33.3% (11/33) of the Salmonella strains, and all of the Salmonella strains examined (100%, 33/33) had the qacE∆1 gene, which encodes for quaternary ammonium compound. The ability of isolates to form biofilms in vitro was also investigated. The total incidence of biofilm development was 22/33 (66.7%), with seven (21.2%) being weak, nine (27.3%) being intermediate, and six (18.2%) being strong.