الفهرس 
Enteral Nutrition
NICE guidelines to identify high risk patients for RFS (30, 32):Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Nutrition is essential for recovery and vitality as each body requires an individual amount of carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals for physiological functioning. However, many patients are restricted in their dietary intake for various reasons. This is relevant for critically ill patients in particular. In the context of intensive care treatment, especially in cases of reduced nutritional intake and intestinal dysfunction, enteral nutrition plays an important role. Malnutrition has been associated with poor outcomes among patients in intensive care units (ICUs), as indicated by increased morbidity, mortality, and length of stay. Evidence suggests that in patients with a functional gut, nutrition should be administered through the enteral route, largely because of the morbidity associated with other routes of feeding. Parenteral nutrition is especially associated with increased infectious complications. In critically ill patients without severe sepsis, compared with enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition results in longer ICU stays and a greater chance that severe sepsis or septic shock will develop. The impact of nutrition support on critically injured patients has received significant attention, with research focusing on the importance of route and type of nutrition, timing of nutrition, severity of injury, and clinical outcome. Traditionally, nutrition support in the critically ill population was regarded as adjunctive care designed to provide exogenous fuels to preserve lean body mass and support the patient throughout the stress response. Recently, this strategy has evolved to represent nutrition therapy, in which the feeding is thought to help attenuate the metabolic response to stress, prevent oxidative cellular injury, and favourably modulate immune responses. The stress catabolism state predisposes critically ill patients to a high risk of malnutrition. This, coupled with inadequate or delayed nutrition provision, will lead to further deterioration of nutrition status. The benefits of nutrition support in the critically ill patient include improved wound healing, a decreased catabolic response to injury, and improved gastrointestinal structure and function. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the prokinetic effect of metoclopramide on gastric emptying in mechanically ventilated intensive care patients. This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 80 ventilated intensive care patients. All patients were divided into 2 equal groups: the study group received 10mg intravenous metoclopramide/ 8 hours and the control group received intravenous placebo/ 8 hours for 5 days.