الفهرس 
Clinical manifestation and complication of morbid obesity Respiratory system.
Three level of scoring for questions was utilized as follows:Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Morbid obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to an extent that it may have a negative effect on health. Patients are generally considered morbid obese when their body mass index (BMI) is over 40 kg/m2. (1-2) There is a lack of knowledge, organization and structure in modern health care systems to counter the global trend of morbid obesity, which has become a major risk factor for serious diseases. Morbid obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing rates in adults.In 2020,640 million adults were obese in 195 countries which is more common in women 375millon than men 266 millon. Authorities view it as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. The percentage of adults affected in the United States as of 2018_2019 is about 42.4% 700 million overall (35millon of males and 35millon of females).(6) According to the World Health Organization (2020_2021) estimated that obesity in Egypt was 32% .These data indicate a much higher prevalence of obesity among adult women, while overweight is more marked among adult . The etiology of obesity is multifactorial; obesity can be due to genetic, metabolic and environmental factors or a combination of these. Any intervention designed to prevent and control obesity should be related to the underlying factor. A few cases are caused primarily by genes, endocrine disorders, medications, or mental disorders. The view that obese people eat little yet gain weight due to a slow metabolism is not medically supported. On average, obese people have a greater energy expenditure than their normal counterparts due to the energy required to maintain an increased body mass. Critically ill patients with morbid obesity are at risk for diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, cancer, obstructive sleep apnea, depression, cardiac dysfunction and obstructive sleep apnea, Oxygenation exponentially decreases as body mass index increases, decreased functional residual capacity with increased airway closure during tidal breathing and an increased risk for asthma. Critical care nurses should understand the physiological differences and practice guidelines for patients with a body mass index greater than 40. The ABCD approach encompasses key clinical concepts in the management of critically ill morbidly obese patients, including management of airways and breathing, minimizing nurses’ back and other injuries, circulation problems, risks of decubitus ulcers and other skin breakdown, differences in drug calculations and metabolism, limitations in diagnostic equipment and imaging, diet and nutritional recommendations, and concerns with durable medical equipment. Morbidly obese acutely ill patients require specialized nursing care, including; safe patient handling techniques to decrease injuries among nurses and patients. Nurses must be aware of potential hazards to patients and themselves by becoming familiar with the weight and size restrictions of commonly used equipment such as beds, bedside commodes.Therefore the aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of implementing educational program about patients’ morbid obesity on nurses’ performance at Intensive Care Unit.