الفهرس 
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY MUSCLESOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: Although mechanical ventilation is a lifesaving treatment, abundant evidence indicates that its prolonged use (1 week or more) promotes respiratory muscle weakness due to both contractile dysfunction and atrophy. Along with the diaphragm, the intercostal muscles are one of the most important groups of respiratory muscles. In recent years, muscular ultrasound has become a useful bedside tool for the clinician to identify patients with respiratory muscle dysfunction related to critical illness and/or invasive mechanical ventilation.
Objective: To assess the impact of mechanical ventilation on diaphragm and intercostal muscles using ultrasonography in preterm neonates.
Patients and Methods: This observational prospective study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Children’s hospital Ain Shams University from October 2022 to April 2023 and performed on a total of 60 preterm neonates, divided into two groups; 30 cases of RDS who required ventilation and 30 normal preterm infants of matched age and gender who didn’t require respiratory support.
Results: In our study we have found that the relation between the right and left diaphragmatic and parasternal intercostals muscle thickness fraction in the ventilated group in Day 1 and day 3 was of non significance, while the relation between them from day 1 to day 5 was significantly decreasing, demonstrating the relation between the duration of ventilation and muscle function and that prolonged ventilation has a great impact on diaphragmatic effort and amplitude.
Conclusion: The main message of this study is that ultrasound can detect early diaphragm and intercostals muscle atrophy that was observed in most of the patients treated by invasive mechanical ventilation.