الفهرس 
Pharmacology of cyclophosphamideOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 223 |  |  |
| | | from | 223 | | |
Abstract
Liver injury caused by hazardous chemicals and some drugs, especially anticancer drugs, is a common toxicological problem. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an anti-cancer medication used to treat various types of cancer. However, it causes many side effects such as hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, immunotoxicity and mutagenicity. The CP metabolites, phosphoramide mustard and acrolein, are thought to be responsible for CP’s harmful effects. Acrolein leads to cell damage through augmenting free radical generation resulting in oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and cellular damage. This reactivity is the primary reason for the cytotoxicity in all cells exposed to acrolein. Furthermore, it triggers the production of pro-inflammatory mediators which promote liver injury. So, hepatotoxicity induced by CP through provocation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Accordingly, this study aims to evaluate the possible protective effects of metformin and hesperidin alone and in combination on cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity. Also, to explore the emerging role of the PPAR-γ/Nrf-2/NF-κB signaling pathway that may be involved in the potential protective effects of metformin and hesperidin on cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity.