الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
It’s estimated that there are between 350,000 and almost 500,000 vascular plants species, the
majority of which are employed as medicinal plants. Traditional medicine draws on a long
history of using plants as sources of health benefits. In the past, people would treat their
illnesses or even merely try several remedies until they found one that worked. Often referred
to as ”traditional medicine,” the use of these herbs has been refined over many centuries.
Officially, traditional medicine is ” of different cultures’ knowledge, practices and skills based
on their beliefs, theories and local experience that are employed in maintaining health and
avoiding, identifying, improving or curing both mental and physical illness” [102]. Biologically
active chemicals, such as secondary metabolites, extracted from plants are of tremendous
utility in treatment of numerous human diseases [128]. The pharmaceutical and medicinal
industries gain significant benefits from the secondary metabolite, and plant and cell cultures
that provide an efficient and cost-effective method of triggering the bulk production of these
compounds. [11]. As compared to traditional methods, plant multiplication can be considerably
sped up by the use of in vitro propagation that operating underneath a bioreactor
micropropagation system in order to increase the reproduction rates of in vitro-grown shoots
[26]. So The use of in vitro culture methods offers a way out of the difficulties of field
production, which in turn helps to preserve the plants [79].