الفهرس 
تكنولوجيا التدريب ................................................................................يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
The computer, information systems, and programs are among the latest methods used in the sports field, especially in the field of handball, as thanks to modern technologies, players can be evaluated and store all of their data stored in regards of strengths and weaknesses during matches, which contributes to the development of players’ abilities and enhancing the physical skills and their tactical levels.
The impact of technological development has been reflected in various areas of life until it has become an integral part of our lives, especially in the field of sports, where this development has greatly contributed to the development of various types of activities and the capabilities of its practitioners.
Kamal al-Din Abd al-Rahman Darwish and others (2002) mention that the method of match analysis in handball is one of the coach’s tools to identify objectively the level of each player of their team or the level of the team as a whole, whether during training periods or matches. Recent years have witnessed a development in the arts of the handball sport at the level of the world in general and Egypt in particular, which necessitated the need to accompany this development with a similar advancement in its evaluation and measurement methods. Therefore, the match analytical system is a method for evaluating the performance of the players or the team, whether it is in training or a match.
The skill aspect is one of the most important and sensitive aspects of the training process, as it usually takes the longest time throughout the training periods. A coach also exerts a lot of effort and thinking in preparing and implementing this part and is indispensable to the players, whether novices, whose skills are essential for them, as well as professional players, who aspire to play and perform with a higher degree of proficiency that leads them to a distinguished position in their teams.
The defense in handball is an essential element complements the team’s success and is no less important than the attack. The defense phase begins from the moment the team loses the ball, so the attacking team turns into a defender and thus the defending team becomes an attacker. A single mistake in defense means a goal scored for the opponent, so we must pay great attention to defensive skills and processes for a long period of training time.
Khaled Hammouda and Jalal Kamal Salem also remark that among the requirements of a good defender is that the movements of the feet to be fast and steady and that they have the muscular ability for both legs to jump high with the attacker to make a defensive wall and master the team’s individual and collective defense skills.
The attack in handball begins as soon as one of the team players acquires the ball during the defensive work to start the attack by doing a fast break or an organized attack, and the results of the offensive performance in handball depends on the degree of the player’s efficiency to perform offensive skills, whether with or without the ball and utilizing these skills during the planning work.
Research Problem
The world has recently witnessed a huge revolution in scientific and technological progress, as countries are racing to reach the best results by implementing this technology in their service and the training process. One of the results of this technological revolution is the computer, which has come to dominate all scientific, cognitive, and sports fields, which directly contributes to the analysis of the performance of sports activities.
The development of sports performance is based on the use of analysis and training programs and other modern programs that have a major role in the advancement of the sports system by raising and developing the achievements of the players.
Recently, analytical technology plays an important role in handball sport. A coach is currently relying on it, as a way to get better results.
A sports analysis is an attempt to reach facts to be known about the opposing team as a group and as individuals to benefit from them when developing the training program and playing plans so that the strength aspects can be avoided, as well as taking advantage of the opponent(s) weaknesses whenever possible.
A coach always wants to collect information that helps them know and track the extent to which their players implement the plans followed and the level of their mastery of skills so that the focus in training is on weaknesses and strengths. In addition, they also need to collect information about the competing teams to follow the development of any plans or skills in both aspects defense and attack.
Khaled Hammouda (2014) remarks that the defense in handball is an essential element which complements a team’s success and is no less important than the attack.
The defensive process is a base for initiating the attacking processor controlling the rhythm of the match, which in turn raises the attack, and the development of defense is directly reflected in the development of the attack, as the two issues are linked to each other.
The statistics of the world handball championships and major tournaments confirm
the existence of superiority for teams that master the defensive process and can finish well in the offensive process. The goals are achieved by mastering the attacking skills with quality, passes, tactics, and ends with a successful correction and It’s confirmed by the statistical results in favor of the winning teams.
The results of some studies conducted on defense and attack in handball indicate that there are statistically significant differences in favor of the successful defense and successful attack for the winning teams.
Through the work of the researcher as a coach, analyst, a follower of the matches of international teams, teams in all leagues, championships, and matches of the UAE League over more than 10 years of work, he noticed the low level of the research sample team in terms of results and arrangement in the league table after playing eight matches, losing other five matches and winning three matches and its ranking in the league table is the sixth compared to previous seasons, which did not relegate and the team did not lose the first, second or third places, also there are shortcomings and weaknesses in the defensive work of the team and weak offensive work as well.
This aroused the researcher’s interest in the necessity of conducting a technical analysis of several matches that the team played during the first round to discover the defensive and offensive weaknesses, and the establishment of a technical training program to develop defensive and offensive skills and performance.
Research Importance
This research may help the coaches in preparing modern training programs for their teams to develop the defensive and offensive aspects.
Using the (Video Observer) program because of its importance in analyzing matches and analyzing defense and attack, which in turn gives data that can be referenced for comparison between different teams.
This research may contribute to the development of training policies on defense and attack in handball sport.
The electronic training program helps the user organize the exercises and present them to
the players in a new, innovative, easy, understandable, and applicable manner.
The results of this study may allow the officials of the UAE Handball Federation to notice
the results achieved by the teams and to identify the strengths and weaknesses, which helps in achieving some of the objectives of the UAE Handball Federation.
Research Objectives
This research aims to:
Technical analysis of the defensive and offensive aspects using the (Video Observer) program and the development of a defensive and offensive training program through an electronic application for the following purposes:
Identify defensive weaknesses through technical analysis of defense.
Identify offensive weaknesses through technical analysis of the attack.
Develop a training program on an electronic application to develop defense and attack.
Research Questions and Hypotheses
What are the defensive weaknesses of the research’s sample team?
What are the offensive weaknesses of the research’s sample team?
Are there statistically significant differences between the results of the primary and impact analysis in the defensive and offensive performance of the matches, the research’s sample, as a result of their training program?
What is the effect of using analysis technology as a means to develop defense and attack in handball?
Search Procedures
Research Methodology
- Descriptive Method
The researcher used the descriptive approach (the survey method) to reach the strengths and weaknesses of the research sample team’s offensive and defensive performance using the performance analytical technology.
- Experimental method
The researcher used the experimental method using the experimental design of one experimental group.
Community Researched
The research represents the eleven teams of the first division of the UAE General League for the 2020/2021 season.
The Research Sample
Analytical sample:
Sixteen matches for Shabab Al-Ahly Dubai Team, eight matches in the first round as primary data analysis, and eight in the second round as impact analysis.
The researcher chose the Purposive Sampling Method which included twenty-five players from the players registered in the UAE Handball Federation of Al-Ahly Youth Team of Dubai for the sports season 2020/2021.
Reasons For Choosing the Research Sample
The researcher works as a performance analyst for the research sample.
The approval of the club’s management for applying for the program.
Providing the necessary tools and capabilities.
Data Collection Methods and Tools
1- Match analysis
The researcher analyzed eight matches for the first team of Al-Ahly Youth from the first round of the league using the specialized video Observer analysis program designed to analyze handball matches.
2- A recording device.
3- A camera.
5- A laptop.
6- Technical programs (Video Observer program).
7- XPS program.
8- A training hall, tools... etc.
Primary and Pre-application Analysis
The researcher performed a primary and a pre-application analysis on the research sample, which is based on the number of eight matches for the Al-Ahly Youth team during the period from 10/24/2020 to 12/22/2020 AD. Accordingly, the researcher extracted these problems and built his training program which included a set of training to develop their skills and training performance.
Basic Study/Research
The researcher applied the basic study from 12/26/2020 to 5/2/2021 AD.
Training Program
- Planning the training program:
The researcher used the XPS Sideline technology program to distribute the training units, including the elements they contain within the following training program:
- Contents Of the Training Program
The program included six training weeks, the training loads varied between medium, high
and maximum.
The first week came with medium load, second with high load, third with maximum load, fourth with high load, fifth with maximum load, and sixth with high load.
Physical preparation of 1080-minute training with a percentage of 30% of the time of the main part.
Skills preparation of 1080-minute training with a percentage of 30% of the time of the main part.
Tactical preparation of 1440-minute with a percentage of 40% of the time of the main part.
Closing and calming included 60 minutes a week and 360 minutes in total.
Implementation Of the Training Program
The training program was implemented from 27/12/2020 to 5/02/2021.
Attachment (3) shows the distribution of the weeks of the training program and the daily units.
Post-application / Impact Analysis
The researcher performed an impact analysis on the research sample which is based on the number of eight matches for the Al-Ahly Youth Team in the period from 6/2/2021 to 10/4/202.
The results of the analysis process were obtained for statistical processing.
Statistical Processing
The researcher applied and processed the research data using the IBM SPSS Statistics 20 statistical program using the following statistical processors.
- percentage.
- SMA.
- Standard Deviation.
- Skew Modulus.
- Kurtosis Coefficient.
- Independent Samples Test.
- Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient.
- Eta Squared.
- Effect size.
Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions
In light of the research objectives and questions and within the limits of the research sample and based on statistical processes, the following can be drawn:
Defensive skill weaknesses are (confrontation - defensive moves - blocking wall - delivery and receipt - defense against a fast break).
The offensive skill weaknesses are (passing - receiving - shooting – running a fast break).
There are statistically significant differences between the pre-application and post-application analyses in favor of the post-analysis of defensive and offensive skills.
There is a positive effect of using analysis technology as a means of developing attack and defense in handball.
Recommendations
Through the research procedures and based on the results and conclusions, the researcher recommends the following:
Both the coach and the players benefited from the analysis technology for the defensive
and offensive aspects.
The importance of training on defense skills such as confrontation movements, blocking, passing, handing over, and defending against a fast break.
The extent of the importance of benefiting from the development and drawing up of training policies on offensive skills, passing, receiving, shooting of all kinds, and a fast break of all kinds.
Researchers do such researches.
The necessity of introducing analysis technology and training from analysis programs and drawing up training plans in a technical way.
Application of the program