الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Central laboratory, High Institute of Public Health and Alexandria University and Alexandria University Hospitals (Alexandria
Main Hospital, El Shatby Hospital and El-Hadara (Nariman) Hospital) who had night shifts
will be included in this study from August 2021 to July 2022.
The aim of the current survey was to study dietary intake of some carcinogens (trans fat,
acrylamide and nitrosamine) among medical staff in Alexandria University Hospitals.
Medical staff (physicians, nurses and pharmacists) of both sexes in Alexanderia University
Hospitals (Alexandria Main Hospital, El Shatby Hospital and El-Hadara (Nariman) Hospital)
were all included in the study. The study participants were divided into three groups (140
physicians, 140 nurses and 140 pharmacists). Dietary Intake of Some Carcinogens
(nitrosamine, acrylamide and trans fat) were all assessed.
The main findings of the current study were as follows:
In total, participants who were 30 years or younger represented 89% and those who were
older than 30 years represented 11%. In physician, pharmacist and nurse groups, most
participants were 30 years or lower and represented 89.3, 89.3 and 88.6% respectively.
There was no significant difference among the three groups.
Most participants spent five years or lower (73.3% of total, 75.7% of physicians, 74.3% of
pharmacists and 70% of nurses. There was no significant difference among groups
according to the duration of career.
It was noticed that most cases had no presence of chronic diseases and represented 87.1,
89.3, 84.3 and 87.9% of total, physicians, pharmacists and nurses respectively.
It was noticed that all participants have more than one meal during the day. The majority
of participants have three meals per day with a percentage of 76.7, 77.1, 73.6 and 79.3% of
total physicians, pharmacists and nurses respectively.
Most participants preferred butter as cooking fat than other fats followed by hydrogenated
fat. Butter fat represented 62.1, 70, 56.4 and 60% of total, physicians, pharmacists and
nurses respectively. Hydrogenated fat represented: 28.3, 20. 32.9 and 32.1% among total
participants, physicians, pharmacists and nurses respectively.
There was a significant difference in the participants answers among groups (p<0.001)
except for the questions (Popcorn is totally healthy snack it doesn’t have any carcinogen,
Cereals are healthier breakfast and don’t have any carcinogens) which indicated no
significant difference in answers among the studied groups (p=0.467, 0.130) respectively.
It was noticed that in total, participants showed poor 197 (46.9%) and fair 192 (45.7%)
level in their knowledge about carcinogens. Participants who had good level in their
Knowledge about carcinogens were 31 participants and represented (7.4%) of total
participants.It was noticed that there was a significant difference among the three studied groups
according to the dietary intake assessment (p<0.05) except for Breakfast cereals intake
(p=0.295), Fried chicken (p=0.773), Biscuits (p=0.057) and pate (p=0.075).
There was a statistically significant difference among the studied groups according to
dietary intake of Nitrosamine among medical staff (p<0.001).
There was no significant difference among the studied groups according to dietary AA (p=
0.571).
There was a statistically significant difference among the studied groups according to
trans-fat intake and dietary (p=0.013).
6.2. Conclusion
In conclusion, the current cross-sectional study brings an overview on trans fat,
acrylamide and nitrosamine composition of processed foods, those with major public health
concern, are highly popular among medical staff in Alexandria University Hospitals. The
present results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference among the studied
groups according to dietary intake of Nitrosamine among medical staff. There was no
significant difference among the studied groups according to dietary AA. There was a
statistically significant difference among the studied groups according to trans-fat intake and
dietary respectively. The current study also indicated that rotating shift work might be
associated with increased risk of cancer among medical staff.
6.3. Recommendations
Our findings imply that, in addition to nutritional content, the time of food
consumption, particularly the most recent eating episode, may have a role in
carcinogenesis. The timing of eating habits and the modulation of eating cycles may
be important for cancer prevention.
Establishing good eating routines for nightshift employees may be more difficult than
for dayshift workers, and this may have a detrimental influence on their health.
Concerning processed foods, efforts should be made with the participation of food
industries to promote slow reformulation of processed foods in order to gradually
reduce trans-fat, acrylamide, and nitrosamine intake among these products without
compromising their organoleptic properties, which could lead to consumer rejection.
Finally, a gradual decrease in the amount of trans fat, acrylamide, and nitrosamine in
restaurant meals should be encouraged.
The need for raising awareness about dietary carcinogen among medical staff and in
our community to decrease cancer risk by making educational workshops.
The need for additional study, particularly on the nutritional quality of some types of processed foods.