الفهرس 
Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth common cause of
cancer related death worldwide (Xu et al., 2021). It is a challenging
tumor duo to its hypervascularity, spontaneous rupture and direct
invasion of the surrounding tissues and vessels (Zhang et al., 2015a). It
usually develops on top of liver cirrhosis (Elbaz et al., 2013).
Although surgical resection is broadly recognized as curative
treatment for HCC, most patients are not surgically candidate because of
age, poor hepatic functional reserve or high surgical risk (Poulou et al.,
2015).
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is one of the most
widely used primary treatments for patients who are not eligible for
surgery (Lo et al., 2002).
The efficacy of TACE can be affected by many factors such as
feeding arteries and tumor size, so complete tumor necrosis may be
difficult to be achieved by TACE alone. If tumor necrosis is incomplete,
the remaining viable part can cause local recurrence and distant
metastasis (Xu et al., 2013).
Many studies reported clear benefit to combine TACE with one of
the thermal ablative techniques (radiofrequency or microwave) which are
generally safe and a good solution for non-surgical patients and early
lesions (Lin and Lin, 2003 and Tanaka et al., 2014).
Microwave ablation (MWA) is a thermal ablative technique
currently in use, destroys tumors by direct hyperthermia ( Andreano and
Brace, 2013).