الفهرس 
Anatomy and physiology of large gastrointestinal system
Function of large bowelOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Constipation is a common problem regardless of sex, age or race . The prevalence of it in the general population worldwide ranges from 0.7 to 79% with median 16% and its incidence in post-operative orthopedic patients is about 40% – 60%. It is a common problem among orthopedic patients especially patients undergoing serious operations such as total hip replacement or knee replacement as well as patients undergoing skeletal traction. It is defined as difficult, incomplete, or irregular bowel movements or has defecation less than three bowels a week it is considered as a symptom than a disease. it has been classified as primary and secondary . Patient (QOL) is negatively impacted by constipation. It actually places a heavy demand on healthcare resources. It may lengthen hospital stays and raise the risk of postoperative complications. As a result, it demands more money and time from the nursing staff to provide care. Constipated patients may experience disorders including mental disorientation, urinary retention, intestinal blockage, and even vasovagal syncope, in addition to consequences like faecal impaction, hemorrhoids, and other conditions. Researchers from all over the world have focused on the early study of constipation and its risk factors among hospitalized orthopedic patients, and nurses play a significant role in ensuring patient wellbeing by promoting optimal post-operative recovery. Therefore, the goal of this study is to assess the impact of the Murdoch bowel protocol on constipation among patients with hip and pelvic surgery.