الفهرس 
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Abstract
Introduction:
This study aimed to revive pottery making as one of the tourist attractions, and it dealt with the case of Old Cairo in the field study
The term Pottery is used to designate all types of works, especially burnt clay, which are not stone pots or pans. The term pottery includes terracotta, which means clay figurines, which also include clay-like vessels, as a basic component of the pottery industry. The composition of the earth’s crust (Youssef,2012).
Pottery is anything made from clay. There are two types of clay madari clay and stone clay the first obtained from the streams of valleys, rivers, plateaus and the second is obtained from the mountains, which is a rock that is milled to become kneading. Both types of clay have several colors green, white, red, black and yellow. The first is burned at temperatures between 950 ° C to 1150 ° C and pottery is dried in the air and the sun and then burned in a way that controls the air to give the red or black color according to the minerals found in clay(Youssef,2012).
It is preferable to choose clay in the pottery industry because it is easy to form fine grains. Hardness is obtained to dry or burn. If pottery is only made of clay, it causes: cracking. High porosity.
One of the reasons for cracking, not to exit the water quickly, rapid heating cause high porosity, add additives to the clay to make the pottery more cohesive (sand, old pottery crumbs)
The pottery products can be divided into Food preservation utensils; Cooking utensils such as cups, pitchers and saucers ; utensils to save and cool water such as jar and zir ;other utensils and products such as vases, planting sticks, and art forms for decoration and reproduction of any archaeological form.
Ceramics and pottery are synonymous in the language. Pottery is a type of ceramic, ceramic and pottery are made from clay which is exposed to a heat source. Ceramic differs from pottery in the glass material added to it when manufactured and after adding it is burned again ( Al Amairi ,2017) .
Ceramic is considered one of the finest applied arts in human life. It is one of the oldest crafts in the original heritage. Ceramic has many shapes such as ancient Egyptian ceramics, ancient Roman ceramics, ancient Chinese ceramics, Japanese ceramics, Arab ceramics, and Islamic ceramics. - European ceramics (Alzayat, 2001).
Man knew the pottery after its transition from the Neolithic Age where man made all his tools of stone and the difficulties that accompanied the manufacture of pots of stone in terms of weight and pruning and treatment, found that the human pottery is the easiest industry to provide the requirements of soil, water and fire where can be formed pottery according to the need of man (AlQaisi,2016).
The pottery industry is unique in its magic. It expands the experience in an unparalleled manner among all the other arts. The joy is due to the beauty of the movement of the formation on the potter’s wheel and its opportunities to combine the art of sculpture and painting.
Fawakher city is considered the first specialized city to develop the old traditional industries in Cairo governorate and protect it from extinction, on an area of 8 acres costing LE 100 million. The new city includes units and workshops of different sizes and beautiful designs as well as being placed inside a large wall with Entry and exit gates.
The City of Fawakher is one of the most important heritage projects that will help revitalize tourism and will become a tourist area and tourist attraction in a civilized world the Fawakhers are all the utensils that are made from pottery, and despite the technological development and modern methods in various industries, but the pottery industry always remain the title of originality ( Safwat, 2017 ).
1.2 Importance of the Study
The city of Fawakher is located in the old Egypt area near the Fustat Bridge. It is easy to reach by means of the land transport network. It is an important tourist destination which contributes effectively to the promotion of internal and external tourism, which has the greatest impact in supporting the national economy, and supports the transformation of the city of Fawakher as a tourist attraction.
- The main important of the study is to spotlight on the city of Fawakher as an attractive place for pottery in Egypt, and illustrate how to benefit from this area . The important as well as is the establishment of the first specialized city to develop the industry of pottery and other traditional industries that keep the profession that face the danger from extinction and turn it into a touristic area .
1.3 Problem of the Study
The pottery industry is considered as one of the main industries in Egypt, where making potteries in workshops cause environmental disasters due to black clouds and environmental pollution in the area surrounding these workshops due to the burning of wood inside the furnaces .
Therefore, establishing Fawakher city in old Cairo is trying to overcome these obstacles, by using natural gas and to create an integrated city for the pottery industry which has all the facilities of gas, electricity and roads . As well as establishing a modern technological center for training on traditional crafts .
1.4 Aims and Specific Objectives of the Study
The Aims of the study is to develop the city of Fawakher in old- Cairo to become a tourist attraction, as well as the development of pottery industry and protecting it from the danger of extinction, in addition to establish some investment projects within the city of Fawakher to attract tourists.
The main Objectives of The Study
1 – Show the importance of Fawakher city as an attractive area .
2 – Define pottery and Touristic Souvenirs .
3 – Spotlight the Pottery Industry in Egypt .
4 – Illustrate the Problems facing Pottery industry in Egypt.
5 – Setup Recommendations and Conclusions to Improve City of Fawakher in Old Cairo.
1.5 Hypotheses of the Study
Establishing Fawakher city in old-Cairo in Egypt will lead to the development of the pottery industry and protecting this industry from the danger of extinction and using environmentally friendly place equipped with modern ovens that use natural gas .
1.6 Methodology of The Study
- Desk Study
This study dealt with research in the Central Library, the Library of the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels at Helwan University and the libraries specialized in studying the pottery industry and collecting the required information from research and scientific thesis as well as through electronic sources.
Field Study
This study dealt with field tours at the study site, which is the city of Al-Fawakhir in Old Cairo and Inter viewing the officials and experts at Fawakher city in case of the interviews with experts at Fawakher City, there were for interviews that were held with General Director of Fawakher City & Responsible for the Independent union of Egyptian Pottery and Ceramics & Former Vice Dean of the Faculty of Fine Arts for Environmental Affairs – Menya University Pottery and Ceramics industries .
A questionnaire survey was Conducted with 83 workers at workshops at Fawakher City in old Cairo and 83 correct questionnaires in addition to a personal observation to the Fawakher City .
Limitations of the study
-Place of the study
Al-Fawakher City in Old Cairo
-Time of the study
from November 2017 to September 2021 .