الفهرس 
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Abstract
Citrus reticulata and Tagetes minuta are two economic plants in Egypt. Waste branches of C. reticulate which called petit grain are used to produce petit grain mandarin oil. This process increase the mandarin producer’s income with a new product instead of burning it. Also the waste of petit grain mandarin after distillation can be used as a compost and increase the oil producing income. Using the waste of petit grain mandarin mixing with compost of 5 tons per acre increased the yield of biomass and essential oil yield of tagette oil by (10.00 and 10.77%) for the first cut of the first year and (43.10 and 57.02%) for the second year, respectively. 22 and 10 components were identified with the GCMS analysis of C. reticulate, and of T. minuta oils, respectively. Benzoic acid is the main component in C. reticulate oil with (56.45%) while Dihydrotagetone is the main component in T. minuta oil with (30.75%). Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) are two major stored product insects. Results in current study cleared that the two tested essential oils had fumigant and contact toxicity against the two tested insects and tagette oil had the strongest effect. T. castaneum is more tolerant than S. oryzae in both fumigant and contact treatments. Pelargonium graveolens is an economic plant in Egypt. Many farmers work in producing geranium essential oil. To help producers to increase their income and also increasing the national income it was necessary to find new method helps to increase the essential oil yield. Distillation of geranium herb produces floral water and factories throw it as a waste water. Using stripping column Hashem Brothers for Essential oils and Aromatic Products Company produced essential oil from waste water. The waste water contains from 0.06 to 0.2 kg/ton essential oil. Citronellol is the main component is geranium stripping oil with 31.88% followed by geraniol and linalool with 22.45% and 10.10%, respectively. Geranium stripping oil and its main components (citronellol, geraniol and linalool) were evaluated as insecticides. Triboleum castaneum is more tolerant than Rhizopirtha dominica and Sitophilus oryzae in contact and fumigant experiments. All tested components had no effect on T. castaneum as contact while geranium stripping oil had the strongest effect on R. dominica and S. oryzae. All tested components had a fumigant effect against the three tested insects. After 24 h of exposure for R. dominica after linalool had the strongest effect with LC50 of (410.3 mg/L) while citronellol had the strongest effect on T. castaneum and S. oryzae with LC50 of (628.2 and 898.9 mg/L), respectively. Citronellol also had the strongest toxicity against S. oryzae at the same time of exposure. Also the current study evaluated the effect of packing materials on tested insects. All packages resist the penetration of T. castaneum adults for 15 days post treatment (release of insects). The examination of the all packing materials illustrates that T. castaneum adults failed to penetrate inside the package and there are no any holes except sack cloth package where twenty T. castaneum adults enabled to enter inside after five weeks. T. castaneum could not penetrate any of the packages. Also there were no holes in any of the packages. The average number of the rusty flour beetle inside all types of tested packages indicated that there was no development of it, as its number ranged between 1 to 7.33 compared to the average number inside. The findings indicated to the effectiveness of the all packages used compared to sackcloth bag. Additionally results showed that both adults and larvae of T. castaneum failed to puncture any of the used packages. There is no any holes or insect adults inside the all packages, but the all S. oryzae adults succeeded to enter into sack cloth package. The all packages under study showed high effectiveness against T. castaneum and its larvae, followed by S. oryzae and R. dominica.