الفهرس 
مدخل إلي الدراسةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Special education institutions occupy an important place in providing services and assistance to people with special needs.Its goal is to determine their psychological state because they are present in every society, and in order to help them qualify them, develop them for the better and shed light on them so that they become in the future important and effective elements in this society.
Among these categories is the category of learning difficulties, which was dealt with by many studies in the pre-university education stages while we find that learning difficulties at the university level were dealt with by studies from two different perspectives namely that some believe that there are no learning difficulties in the university while some see their presence in the university and this was confirmed by previous studies in this field(kabil,2016; May&Stone,2014 ; Alzouby,2010 ; Jab allah,2009).
Accordingly we find that the studies that dealt with learning difficulties at the university showed that they suffer from many psychological and social problems that negatively affect their academic performance and then they are in dire need of support to help them overcome these problems.
The problem of learned disability is among the main problems for students with learning difficulties when the level of learned disability increases they lose self-confidence and their academic achievement decreases (May & Stone, 2014,15).
We notice that they cannot follow up with what is given to them of theoretical or scientific information which leads to a lack of scientific proficiency, which causes them a psychological problem as it is noticed that they are of a lower level than the rest of their colleagues as this leads to devastating negative effect on their sense of their self-worth and their personal social relationships in addition to the weakness of their chances of obtaining a suitable job therefore if the student does not receive appropriate counseling programs in the pre-university stages to overcome learning difficulties and for social and emotional support the problem will exacerbate(Cole&Cawthon,2015,p22).
In the same context of the problems that this group suffers from we find that they suffer from difficulty in expressing their feelings and they do not have self-confidence they also suffer from despair in determining the directions of their lives and that rewards are just a coincidence that takes place in the right place and time they are more anxious tense and depressed they have general passivity and irresponsibility for the consequences of their own actions and lack a sense of inner control over these events (Montaser , 2018,p54).
It is in this sense that we find that the learned helplessness of university students is linked to the locus of control the student may attribute the failure in a test to external factors out of control such as the difficulty of the test or to his lack of readiness for the test this association indicates the possibility of improving self-efficacy controlling and controlling attitudes and thus avoiding feelings of helplessness through training in positive expectations of future outcomes (Kemp, 2016, p 203-204).
As some studies have shown ”such as: (Honmore & Jadhav, 2015 ) (Warnecke et al , 2014 ) ( Nabil and Shwael ,2014 )” there is a relationship between these two variables (acquired helplessness and locus of control) so the researcher linked them in this study.
Therefore, some studies indicated that the learned helplessness of people with learning disabilities is linked to the locus of control among students, as a study (Al-Daman, 2017; Elizo & Tulin, 2013; Misarell, 2010; Abu Humaidan and Al-Rawad, 2007) reduced the percentage of learned helplessness among them.
In addition to what studies (Honmore & Jadhav, 2015; Nabil and Shweel, 2014; Urbig & Monsen, 2012) indicated to improve the locus of control among university students with learning disabilities and showed an improvement in their locus of control through some mechanisms of positive psychology.
After World War II, psychology became a science steeped in interest in the study and treatment of mental disorders, meaning that it focused its interests on studying and treating the sick and psychologically disturbed, ignoring the interest or attention to the idea that the student who is capable of achievement and self-realization is capable of advancing society, although building strength and empowerment Humans and their push to deal with matters seriously and positively is stronger and more effective in the field of psychotherapy (Atallah and Abdel Samad, 2013, p 2).
As the increasing focus on the interest in studying cases of psychological disorders and anomalies made others view psychology as a science to study the negative aspects without the positive aspects. Which in turn positively affects student development (Miller, et al 2008, p679).
Based on the above the study seeks a program based on reducing acquired helplessness in the light of positive psychology and its impact on improving the locus of control of university students with learning difficulties.
Study Problem
The problem of the study is summarized in the following axes
- The first axis is the learned helplessness of university students and its negative effects on university students with learning difficulties, as some studies indicated the prevalence of learned helplessness among university students, and it results in negative effects and outcomes on academic achievement as a study (Al-Harthy, 2020; Elizo & Tulin, 2013; Misarell, 2010).
- The second axis is the prevalence of learning difficulties among university students, as studies (Cole & Cawthon, 2015; May & Stone, 2014; Al Dhuibi, 2010) indicated that there are learning difficulties among university students, which led to its impact on their academic achievement.
- The third axis, through what studies (Montasir 2018; Honmore & Jadhav, 2015; Warnecke et al, 2014) indicated that there is a correlation between the learned helplessness of university students with learning difficulties and their locus of control. The problem of the study can be formulated in the following main question:-
What is the effect of the program on reducing learned helplessness in the light of strategies of positive psychology in improving the locus of control among students with learning disabilities and the following questions branch out from it:-
- - What is the effect of the program used in the light of positive psychology in reducing the learned helplessness of university students with learning difficulties?
- - What is the effect of the program used in the light of positive psychology to reduce learned helplessness in improving locus of control?
- - What is the extent of the impact of the program in reducing the acquired disability among university students with learning difficulties?
- - What is the extent of the continuity of the impact of the program in improving the locus of control of university students with learning difficulties?
Objectives of the study:-
- Detection of the impact of the program in improving the control center.
- Exposing the effectiveness of a training program based on positive psychology strategies in reducing learned helplessness among university students with learning disabilities.
- Diagnosis of learned helplessness among university students with learning difficulties.
- Diagnosis of locus of control among university students with learning disabilities.
The importance of studying:-
- - Introducing procedural terms for learned helplessness positive psychology locus of control and their dimensions.
- - Enriching the theoretical heritage with foundations and strategies for how to train on the mechanisms of positive psychology to reduce learned helplessness.
- - Provide a theoretical framework to reveal the procedures for improving the control center and how to follow it.
Terminology of study:-
Learned helplessness:-
It is a chronic state of reluctance and reluctance to start or continue to perform a task that the student needs to perform and is considered possible according to his ability (Al-Dawha et al , 2017 , p182).
Control center:-
It is concerned with the individual’s expectation of the relationship between his efforts and the outcome of these efforts and thus it indicates the degree to which the individual accepts his personal responsibility for what happens to him in return for attributing that to forces outside his control personality such as intelligence skill, perseverance, etc ... or does it depend on other factors far from their personal control, such as luck fate and chance (Maamarieh , 2009 , p237).
The mechanisms of positive psychology:-
It is a pattern of thinking that gives the individual the ability to manage situations and expect positive results for all his actions and gives him a stable desire to learn and discover the unknown, which helps him to face the problems and pressures of life until he reaches a general feeling of satisfaction with himself and others and communication to achieve goals at the academic and general level (Salem, 2006, p. 15).
The study sample:-
The sample of the study consisted of( 6) students asking students of the Faculty of Specific Education about what they suffer from learning difficulties and acquired disability?
Study tools:-
- Initial Mental Abilities Test: Prepared by Ahmed Zaki Saleh .
- List of diagnosing university students with learning difficulties (Prepared by: Manal Abdel Khalek, 2009).
- Learned helplessness scale (prepared by: Al-Dawha, Jamal, and Al-Najashi, 2017).
- Rotor center scale (Rotter , 1966).
- The study program (prepared by: the researcher).
The limits of the study:-
- - Objective limits: The study variables are locus of control, learned helplessness, and positive psychology.
- - Human limits: It is represented in the study sample consisting of university students with learning difficulties.
- - Time limits: (2022/2023).
- - Spatial boundaries: It is represented in the Faculty of Specific Education.
Results of the study:
The study proved the effectiveness of the program based on strategies of positive psychology in reducing learned helplessness.