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Abstract
Acute rejection (AR) is the major predictor for chronic rejection, which is responsible for most of the causes of graft loss after the first year post - transplant. Alloantigen-dependent and alloantigen - independent immune processes are mediated by both cytokines and chemokines. Interleukin (IL) - 18, predominantly secreted by activated monocytes or macrophages, is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in the regulation of the innate and acquired immune response. IL - 18 plays a key role in autoimmune, inflammatory, and infectious diseases and may also be of particular importance in the mechanism of kidney allograft rejection. The aim of our study is to examine the relationship of IL - 18 promotor polymorphism (G-137C) and the occurrence of acute rejection in renal transplant recipients. We analyzed retrospectively the data of 50 transplant recipients presented at the follow up transplant clinic in Kasr Elaini teaching hospital, Cairo, Egypt. 28 patients with evidence of acute rejection and the other 22 with stable renal allograft function over a duration of 5 years of the date of transplantation. The IL - 18 gene polymorphism was determined in both groups and the results were analyzed