الفهرس 
Synthesis and characterization of nano coating by Sol - Gel technique and its analytical applications
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Abstract
Titanium dioxide thin films have been synthesized by sol - gel spin coating technique on glass substrate. The prepared thin films have been submitted to different annealing temperature ranging from 300 upto 1000 {u00BA}C. The effects of annealing temperatures on the structural and optical properties of thin films were investigated. The films were characterized by different techniques: X - ray diffraction (XRD), UV - visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The characterization studies revealed that the films are crystallized into nano - structured anatase and rutile phases. The mentioned data were confirmed by TEM, which revealed the presence of TiO₂ nano-particle of about (” " ~ " ”3 - 4 nm). The optical measurement showed the direct band gap. The TiO₂ thin films have higher transparency in the visible range at 100 {u00BA}C. SEM image of films annealed showed nano -crystalline structure of TiO₂ particles and they are approximately in spherical forms