الفهرس 
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Abstract
The results of this study could be summarized as follow: Age was significantly increased among diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy group (55.70±10.07) than diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (49.90±12.08), (P<0.001). Also, Males were the most common among diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy group, while females were the most common among diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy, with a significant difference (P<0.001). Duration for diabetic was significantly increased among diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy group (14.90±5.62) than diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy group (12.51±5.29), (P<0.001). Also, oral hypoglycemic was the most common among diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy studied group, with a significant difference (P<0.001). There was no significant relationship between refraction and diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy studied groups (P>0.05). schirmer test I and test II of right eye was significantly increased among diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy group than diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy group (P<0.001). low break up time test was the most common in group (I) (58.39%) and normal break up time test was the most common among group (II) (87.38%), with a significant difference (P<0.001). In addition, grade 3 of rose bengal stain was the most common in group (I) (38.68%) and grade 1 of rose bengal stain was the most common in group (II) (33.98%), with a significant difference (P<0.001). Schirmer test I and II of right eye was significantly increased among grade 0 (19.00±0.00ml) (11.00±0.00ml) group than grade 1(13.52±1.82ml) (8.28±1.25ml), grade 2 (8.76±1.41ml) (5.00±0.87ml), grade 3 (8.00±1.64ml) (4.66±1.07ml) studied groups of rose bengal stain (P<0.001). Normal break up time test was the most common among grade 0 group (100%), also, marginal break up time test was the most common among grade 1 group (84%), also, low break up time test was the most common among grade 2 (90.91%) and grade 3 groups (94.43), with a significant difference (P<0.001).