الفهرس 
Gerard Genettes`s Narrative TheoryOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This dissertation has focused on Genette’s theory of narrative with its various elements of mood, order, frequency, voice , and duration. It has analyzed how these elements have shaped the structure and meaning of a narrative. These concepts have been applied to each of Ishiguro’s novels understudy. For example, The Buried Giant is a novel that combines elements of fantasy and historical fiction. Genette’s theory can help in understanding the complex temporal structure of the narrative and the interplay between memory and forgetting, which is a central theme in the novel. The concept of duration can be applied to analyze the temporal gaps and leaps in the narrative, as well as the characters’ experiences of time. Genette’s theory has analyzed how the narrative order and frequency contribute to the overall effect of the story. Likewise, Nocturnes is a collection of interconnected short stories, and Genette’s theory can assist in analyzing the narrative structure and the relationship between the stories. The concept of order can be used to explore how the stories are arranged and whether there is a specific narrative sequence. Frequency can be applied to investigate recurring themes or motifs across the stories. Additionally, Genette’s theory of narrative can examine the narrative perspective and focalization within each story, as well as the overall effect of the collection. Moreover, Never Let Me Go is a dystopian novel that delves into themes of identity, memory, and mortality. Genette’s theory can be utilized to analyze the temporal structure of the narrative and the manipulation of time through the characters’ recollections and reflections. The concept of duration explores the characters’ experiences of time and how it shapes their identities. Genette’s theory of narrative Conclusion 187 can also be used to analyze the narrative perspective and focalization to understand the role of memory and its effect on the narrative. By applying these concepts, researchers can gain insights into how Ishiguro constructs his narratives, shapes meaning, and explores themes central to his works. However, applying Genette’s theory of narrative to Ishiguro’s novels The Buried Giant, Nocturnes, and Never Let Me Go has presented some challenges and difficulties for the researcher. First, Ishiguro’s novels are ambiguous or non-linear narratives. They may contain shifts in time, unreliable narrators, or fragmented storytelling. However, Genette’s theory relies on a clear understanding of narrative order, frequency, and duration, which can be challenging to determine in narratives that deviate from conventional structures. Second, Ishiguro’s works sometimes blur the boundaries between different forms of storytelling, such as combining elements of fantasy, historical fiction, or interconnected short stories. However, Genette’s theory tries to account for these hybrid forms or their impact on narrative analysis. Third, Ishiguro’s novels often explore the subjective experiences of characters and the influence of memory and perception on the narrative. However, Genette’s theory primarily focuses on objective narrative structures and may have limitations in fully capturing the subjective and introspective aspects of Ishiguro’s works. Fourth, Ishiguro’s novels often engage with complex themes and ideas, and the narrative structure serves to support these thematic explorations. However, it can be challenging to disentangle the purely formal aspects of Genette’s theory from the thematic and philosophical dimensions of Ishiguro’s storytelling. Finally, Ishiguro’s novels often invite multiple interpretations and Conclusion 188 ambiguity. While Genette’s theory provides a useful framework for analyzing narrative elements, it may not fully account for the openended nature of Ishiguro’s works or the multiple layers of meaning they contain. Despite these challenges, the researcher can still find value in applying Genette’s theory to Ishiguro’s novels, as it offers a structured framework for analyzing narrative elements such as frequency, order, duration, mood and voice. However, the researcher has been aware of the limitations, richness, and complexity of Ishiguro’s narrative techniques. So far, if researchers wish to further explore Kazuo Ishiguro’s works or Genette’s theory of narrative, there are several avenues for future research. First, researchers can conduct comparative studies by examining other works by Kazuo Ishiguro and applying Genette’s theory to analyze the narrative structures and techniques across his novels. This would allow for a deeper understanding of Ishiguro’s unique narrative style and themes. Second, Ishiguro’s novels involve various genres, including dystopian fiction, historical fiction, and speculative fiction. Researchers could focus on a specific genre within Ishiguro’s body of work and analyze how Genette’s theory is applied to the narrative structures and conventions specific to that genre. Third, researchers could explore how Genette’s theory can be extended to analyze the interplay between different texts, such as literary allusions or references to other forms of media, like music or film. Fourth, researchers can investigate the role of reader response and reception in relation to Genette’s theory, examining how readers navigate the narrative complexities and the impact of their interpretations on the meaning and understanding of Ishiguro’s works. Also; several of Conclusion 189 Ishiguro’s novels have been adapted into films or stage productions. Researchers can explore how Genette’s theory can be applied to the process of narrative transposition from one medium to another. Moreover, researchers can delve into the socio-historical and cultural contexts in which Ishiguro’s works are situated. By combining Genette’s theory with contextual analysis, researchers can investigate how narrative structures and techniques in Ishiguro’s novels interact with broader cultural and historical frameworks. Finally, researchers can explore the dialogue between Genette’s theory and other theoretical approaches, such as narratology, cognitive narratology, or postmodern narrative theory, to enrich the understanding of Ishiguro’s works. By revisiting Kazuo Ishiguro’s works or Genette’s theory of narrative through these suggested research paths, scholars can deepen their understanding of Ishiguro’s narrative techniques, shed light on the complexities of his works, and contribute to the broader field of narrative theory and analysis.