الفهرس 
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Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of Diode laser 650 nm, mineralized Nano-cellulose graft material, and their combination on bone healing in rabbit’s tibias. Methods: Eighteen adult male white New Zealand rabbits were selected, two circular bone defects were created in each tibia, resulting in four bony defects in each rabbit, representing the four tested groups; group A (negative control), group B (filled with Tetramethyl pyridine oxyl “TEMPO” oxidized Nano cellulose combined with Nano Amorphous-calcium-phosphate “nACP”, group C (filled with experimental material and subjected to Diode laser 650 nm), group D (lased with Diode Laser 650 nm). In groups C and D, bony defects were lased before suturing, then every other day for two weeks. Animals were euthanized after two weeks and one month, defects were assessed by CT for bone density, then histological samples were examined by H&E and Masson’s Trichrome stains. Results: In both evaluation periods, group D recorded the greatest mean area percent of new bone formation and bone density, followed by group A, while group C recorded the lowest value. Groups A and D showed full closure of the defects, while groups B and C showed partial defect closure with retained bone graft material. Conclusion: LLLT improved bone defects healing. Mineralized Nano cellulose as a bone substitute showed a delayed effect in bone healing, and graft material resorption. The combination of LLLT with the graft material had no positive outcome on bone defect healing.