الفهرس 
PrefaceOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study sheds light on the Contributions of the Ottoman physicians inside the Ottoman Empire, this Empire that lasted more than 600 years as it is founded in 1299AD and ended in 1922AD. The Ottomans at first, ruled only one of several Turkoman principalities that ringed the decadent Byzantine state in western Anatolia. But within few centuries, they had established an Empire that encompassed not only the former Byzantine lands of Southeastern Europe and Anatolia, but also Hungary and the Arab world. It is common that the Ottoman Empire was closed on itself and did not absorb other medical sciences. But, beginning with the conquest of Constantinople during the fifteenth century, everything was changed and that was considered the starting point in the Ottoman Empire, especially in Sciences and Medicines. Moreover, when Egypt became a part of the Ottoman Empire after the Battle of Ridaniya “during the sixteenth century” Egypt was an exceptional state of the Ottoman Empire. That was clearly in all aspect of social, religious, cultural, and scientific life. Egyptians emerged in medicine from time immemorial and developed in that profession during the period of Ottoman Empire. This is in contrary to what was common, that Egypt lived a period of medical delay during that period. Thus, this study focuses on the contributions of the Ottoman physicians in Egypt, as a part of the Empire itself. In addition to the participations of the Ottoman physicians in Europe from the fifteenth century, as it was the actual date of the relations between Europe and the Ottoman Empire. Europe, which was shocked by the conquests of the Ottomans inside its lands. After the conquest of Constantinople, the Balkans peninsula, Athens, East Hungary, Poland and Bulgaria became under the control of the Ottoman Empire; that forced the rest of the European countries to make friendly relations with the Ottoman Empire. Thus, the research focuses on the contributions of the Ottoman physicians that worked at the European countries “especially France, England and Austria” as well as to Istanbul “the capital of the Ottoman Empire”. The study relies on analytical approach by searching on the medical manuscripts of the Ottoman physicians during that period and archives related to the physicians and their contributions. And many important conclusions were drawn on this study.