الفهرس 
Human Health and Water QualityOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The River Nile included diverse phytoplankton compositions belonging to five main phytoplankton divisions. Algae have been classified and identified through comparative morphology. The Sedgwick-Rafter counting chamber was used to count the algal population. The Pyrrophyta, charophyta, Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, and Bacillariophyta were presented through the full period of investigation with 1, 3, 14, 23, and 28 species, respectively. Therefore, it may be important to note that diatoms were recorded as an abundant group in all investigated samples. The numbers of diatoms ranged between 1.45×106 and 1.18×107 Unit/l, this was followed by green algae that ranged from 7.0×105 to 1.22×106 Unit/l. While the lowest count of blue-green algae was ranged between 1.6×105 and 7.03×105 Unit/l. The treatment of Nile water using two chemical coagulants ”aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3.16H2O) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3)” removed algae by about 85% and 90%, respectively. As for, the Cyanophyceae species, they were removed completely in treated water using the filtration process. The addition of permanganate (KMnO4) dose of 0.4 to 1.0 mg/l to the applied coagulant dose lowered the chlorine dose, the residual aluminium concentration in the treated water, and removed algae by about 92.5% and 97.2%, respectively. Also, the addition of Copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4 instead of permanganate) dose between 0.25 and 1.0 mg/l to the applied coagulant dose removed algae by about 93.8% and 98.1%, respectively. Moringa oleifera seeds present a viable alternative natural coagulant, which raises the removal efficiency for the algal groups, and algal removal achieved between 92% and 97% with a dose between 2 and 8 g/l. In the current study, water treatment plants need to be updated according to the numbers and types of algal populations to provide pure and biologically safe water. The use of an oxidant such as permanganate or copper sulfate in combination with a dose of alum is effective in removing algae, bacteria, and residual alum/Cl2.
Keywords: the River Nile, algal count, algal removal, chemical coagulants, Permanganate, Copper sulfate, Moringa oleifera, water treatment plants.