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Abstract SUMMARY he current study was conducted to compare between the possible protective and therapeutic role of probiotics on the microscopic structure of the kidney in a model of cisplatininduced nephrotoxicity (Acute kidney injury). Thirty-five adult male albino rats with an average weight of 200-220 gm were used in this study. They were classified into four groups: group I (control group): (20 rats), these rats were subdivided into four subgroups, five rats each. Subgroup IA: Rats received water and food ad-libitum. Subgroup IB: Rats received 1 ml saline daily by oral gavage for seven successive days. from the fifth day, rats were given intraperitoneal injections of 0.5 ml saline for three successive days. Subgroup IC: Rats received probiotic L. plantarum by oral gavage at a dose of 1mL/day for seven days. from the fifth day, rats were given intraperitoneal injections of 0.5 ml saline for three successive days. Subgroup ID: Rats received intraperitoneal injections of 0.5 ml saline for three successive days. Then from the fourth day, rats were given probiotic L. plantarum at a dose of 1mL/day by oral gavage for 14 days. group II (Cisplatin group): (n=5) The rats received 1 ml saline daily by oral gavage for seven days. from the fifth day, rats T Summary 116 were given intraperitoneal injections of CP (7.5 mg/kg) for three successive days (0.5 mg each day). group III (protective group): (n=5) the rats received 1 mL of probiotic L. plantarum orally for 7 days. from the fifth day, the rats received intraperitoneal injections of CP (7.5mg/kg) for 3 days. group IV (Therapeutic group): (n=5) the rats received intraperitoneal injections of CP (7.5mg/kg) for 3 days. from the fourth day, the rats received probiotic L. plantarum orally at a dose of (1 mL/day) for 14 days. The concentration of probiotics in group III and group IV was 109 Colony forming units (CFU)/mL/100 g of body weight. Subgroups 1A, IB, IC, group II, and group III were sacrificed on the eighth day of the experiment. Subgroup ID and group IV were sacrificed on the eighteenth day of the experiment. Rats were sacrificed after ether inhalation anesthesia and both kidneys were dissected. The bodies of the dead animals were disposed of by incinerator. The kidneys were processed for the following histological techniques: 1. Haematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E). 2. Periodic acid Schiff stain (PAS). 3. Masson′s trichrome stain. 4. Immune-histochemical staining with Caspase-3. Summary 117 5. Morphometric and statistical measurements. Examination of the H&E-stained sections of group II (Cisplatin group) showed marked total affection of the renal cortex. Most of the glomeruli appeared shrunken with pyknotic nuclei. Renal tubules showed variable forms of affection. Some tubules showed sloughing of their epithelial lining leaving a denuded surface. Some tubules were distorted with pyknotic shrunken deeply stained nuclei. Others showed homogenous acidophilic material in their lumina. Hemorrhage, congestion, and cellular infiltration were also seen in the renal interstitium. Most of the H&E-stained sections of group Ш showed marked protection of the renal tissue in which the kidney structure appeared nearly comparable to that of the control group. On the other hand, Most of the H&E-stained sections of group IV showed minimal improvement in comparison to group III in which some glomeruli and tubules appeared nearly comparable to that of the control group, while some glomeruli were shrunken, many renal tubules showed cytoplasmic vacuolization and the renal interstitium still showed cellular infiltration in some areas. The PAS-stained sections of group II showed a significant increase in PAS-positive reaction in the basement membranes of parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule and most renal tubules. Loss of the PAS-positive apical brush borders of most of the PCTs was also seen compared to that of the control group. Summary 118 PAS-stained sections of group Ш showed a significant decrease in the basement membrane thickness of parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule and most renal tubules compared to group II, which was nearly comparable to that of the control group. There was also a noticeable increase in PAS-positive reaction in the apical brush borders of PCTs compared to group II, which was nearly comparable to that of the control group. PAS-stained sections of group IV showed a significant decrease in the basement membrane thickness of parietal layer of Bowman ′s capsule and some renal tubules compared to group Ⅱ and there was an apparent decrease in PAS-positive reaction in apical brush borders of PCTs compared to group III. Masson′s trichrome stained sections of group II revealed that there was a significant increase in collagen fibers in between glomerular capillaries, around renal corpuscles and around distorted renal tubules when compared to the control group in which it showed minimal collagen fibers in between tubules. However, there was a significant decrease in collagen fibers in group III compared to group II. There was a significant increase in collagen fibers in group IV compared to group III. Immunostaining with Caspase 3 sections in group II showed an increase in the cytoplasmic and nuclear reaction to Caspase-3 antibodies within the renal glomeruli and renal tubular cells respectively when compared to the control group, on the other hand, there was a significant decrease in Caspase 3 positive cytoplasmic and nuclear reactions in group III compared to Summary 119 group II. There is a significant increase in cytoplasmic reactions to Caspase-3 antibodies within most of renal tubular cells in group IV in comparison to group III while the nuclear reactions were negative in both glomeruli and tubules. |