الفهرس 
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Abstract
At El-Minia University Hospital, researchers conducted a prospective randomised double-blind controlled trial between March 2021 and March 2022. There were a total of 120 patients, both sexes, aged 18 to 60, who were set to undergo voluntary programmes generally and retinal rupture surgery under general anaesthesia. These patients were classified as ASA I and II by the American Society of Anesthesiologists.
A total of three groups of patients were assigned at random:
Patients in group D (40 total) had dexmedetomidine (0.5 g/kg) diluted in 5 ml of saline and sprayed down their intratracheal tubes via medical spray bottle.
Patients in the second group, L (40 total), had 5 millilitres (ml) of lidocaine sprayed down their intratracheal tubes.
Patients in group C (35) had 5 ml of saline sprayed down their intratracheal tubes using a medical spray bottle.
The postoperative cough evaluation, hemodynamics, adverse events, and surgeon satisfaction were our secondary outcomes.
All of the patients were evaluated in terms of;
Changes in hemodynamics and oxygen saturation: Five minutes prior to anaesthesia, prior to drug administration (baseline reading), five minutes after drug administration, ten minutes after drug administration, at the end of the surgery, there at point of knowledge, at the spot of extubation, two minutes after extubation, five minutes after extubation, fifteen minutes after extubation, and thirty minutes after extubation were all times when HR, MAP, and SaO2 principles were recorded.
mm Hg IOP, or intraocular pressure: It was documented by the ophthalmologist on both the day of the procedure and the day after.
Complications from Surgery and the Resulting Cough: from the onset of consciousness until 5 minutes following extubation, it captured: Scores of 0 indicate that the patient has no cough, 1 a mild cough (once), 2 a moderate cough (five or more times per day), and 3 a severe cough (more than five times per day) (bucking)
Extubation timing dependent on awareness detection.
Increased intraocular pressure and the occurrence of related problems (such as wound dilatation, iris prolapses, flat anterior, hormone secreted, hypotony, endophyhalmitis, suprachoroidal haemorrhage, and expulsive haemorrhage) within 24 hours.
Postoperative indigestion and vomiting, difficulty swallowing, the severity of a sore throat, tachycardia, and hypertension are all examples of problems that might arise.
Beliefs of the Surgeon:
Scale of Four As a reference, a score of 1 indicates perfect happiness whereas a score of 2 indicates moderate happiness. 3 indicates discontent; 4 indicates termination.
This research demonstrated no statistically significant differences in demographic variables (age, sex, weight, kind of surgery, length of operation, or ASA classification) between the three groups.
There were statistically significant differences in hemodynamics (heart rate and mean arterial pressure) across the groups.
Dexmedetomidine patients had lower rates.
Subjects included in the analysis did not vary significantly from one another in terms of O2 saturation.
There was no statistically significant difference in intraocular pressure between the groups. Significant differences were seen between the control group and dexmedetomidine and lidocaine preoperatively, and between the two groups postoperatively.
There was a major difference here between three groups with regards to coughing after surgery. In the dexmedetomidine groups, they were much lower.
There was no statistically significant difference between the Dexamethasone and Lidocaine groups in terms of postoperative consciousness or extubation time, whereas the Control group outpaced the other two by a considerable margin (P value 0.0001)
Wound dehiscence, iris extrusion, flat anterior, hormone secreted, hypotony, endophyhalmitis, suprachoroidal haemorrhage, and expulsive haemorrhage were not significantly different between groups within 24 hours of increased IOP.
Postoperative nausea, vomiting, regurgitation, and tachycardia did not vary significantly across the groups.
No statistically significant difference in sore throat severity was seen between the Dexamedetomidine and Lidocaine groups. While at 15 minutes and 24 hours, there was a significant difference among the groups (p = 0.007 and p = 0.045). When comparing hypertension rates across the groups, there was a statistically significant (P 0.0001) difference between them.
We indicated that,both memantine and lidocaine were more efficient in reducing cough in eye surgery, and to provide satisfactory antidepressant effect after surgery, but dexmedetomidine was more efficacious than lidocaine. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the Dexamedetomidine and Lidocaine groups.