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Abstract
Exposure of honey bee colonies to several diseases and parasites lead to decrease quantity and quality of their productivity. Several chemicals and natural products were used for controlling this sicknesses and pests. These materials perform in many cases to unforeseen disadvantages may be risk. Many beekeepers used this medication do not have known their serious side effects. The results of the present work showed that, presence of marjoram oil, oxalic acid and oxytetracycline (terramycin) residues in all royal jelly and bee honey samples collected from bee hives treated with these substances which used in controlling honey bee disease and pests. Oxalic acid residues presence by 130mg / kg of bee honey and by 53ug / g of treated royal jelly .on the other hand Oxytetracycline found in range 4mg / kg bee honey and by 15.7ug / g of royal jelly samples. The obtained results from vital studies indicated that, all tested honey bee products exhibited antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and yeast). Natural and medicinal compounds used in controlling honey bee diseases and pests ( oxalic acid, marjoram oil and Terramycin) showed broad variations for influence terramycin on local royal jelly antimicrobial activity ranged from ( - 20% ) on aspergillus fumigatus to ( + 160% ) ascosphaera apis. The same trend for marjoram oil which ranged between 0% on Penecilium sp. to ( + 200%) on ascosphaera apis, whereas oxalic acid affection varied between ( - 25%) on Strepotomyces sp. to ( + 200%) on Ascosphaera apis. Different affection of bee honey antimicrobial activity varied from ( - 63%) on candida albicans to ( + 255% ) on Strepotomyces spp., whereas marjoram oil as variance affections from ( - 45% ) on Candida albicans to ( + 200% ) on Ascosphaera apis. Antimicrobial activity of oxalic acid ranged between (27%) on Candida albicans to ( + 288%) on strepotomyces spp. in his affection on bee honey microbial activity. Hygienic behavior of honey bee workers affected by these natural and medicinal compounds, Data given showed that the most efficient of tested compounds was oxalic acid which increased the efficiency of hygienic behavior of bee workers by 84.85%, followed by marjoram oil 83.32 % and terramycin 81.68 %