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Abstract
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting both domesticated and wild cloven-hoofed animals worldwide, with high economic importance. In Egypt, FMD has taken as enzootic form and many outbreaks had occurred since 1950 and onwards. This study based on evaluation for the current situation of FMD in some Egyptian governorates among vaccinated cattle and buffaloes selected randomly for detection of antibodies against serotypes of FMDV (A),(O) and (SAT-2) by (SNT), as well as by analysis of negative non structural protein sera by solid phase competitive ELISA for the efficacy of FMD vaccinal program, Differentiation between natural infected and vaccinated animals was proceeded by detection of the non - structral protein of FMDV by priocheck test and serotyping for positive non structural protein sera. Five hundred sera were collected from vaccinated cattle and buffalo from five Egyptian governorates (Two governorates represent delta region: Elgharbia Kafr Elsheikh, two governorates represent upper Egypt: Elfayoum Elmenya, and one governorate represents middle Egypt: Elgiza). Prevalence of FMD using SNT reveled 260 cattle positive sera out of 280 (92.9%) and 167 buffalo positive sera out of 220 (75.9%) with total prevalence of 85.4%. Priocheck test was applied on 200 positive SNT cattle and buffalo sera, its results reveled 48 (24%) positive sera representing naturally infected animals (29 for cattle and 19 for buffalo). Sertotyping for positive sera showed that serotype 2O3 and mixed infection 2A&O3 were more prevalent followed by serotype3A3 and serotype3SAT - 23. Analysis for total positive FMDV NSP in depend on % inhibition in cattle and buffalo sera were carried out revealed that the highest prevalence at moderate risk level (65 - 80%). In analysis for serotypes A, O individually indicated also highest prevalence at moderate risk level except SAT-2 at high risk level. Solid Phase Competitive ELISA was applied for the negative 152 sera samples to evaluate protective level of FMD serotypes A,O, SAT - 2 87 it were 75.7% , 77.6% and70.7% respectively